Law Jurisprudence Pakistan Test Online

Jurisprudence Pakistan Practice Online Test

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1. Which of the following are NOT the main types of subordinate legislation according to Sir John Salmond?

Colonial

Judicial

Natural

Executive

2. According to Sir John Salmond, custom which refers to immemorial custom in a particular locality having force of law is called:

National

Local

General

International

3. According to Imran Ahsan Khan Niazi’s interpretation of Islamic Jurisprudence, punishments at the discretion of the judge for private injuries are called:

Diyat

Tazir

Qisas

Hadd

4. The two components required for acquisition of possession are:

None of these

Mens rea & Actus rea

Animus & Ownership

Animus & Corpus

5. The statement “Jus soli” means:

None of these

Grant of nationality on the basis of blood relationship

Grant of nationality on the basis of birthplace

Grant of nationality through naturalization

6. According to Sir John Salmond’s book Jurisprudence, when used in its broadest sense, the term “jurisprudence” refers to the:

Art of law

Creature of law

Science of law

Division of law

7. According to Sir John Salmond’s Jurisprudence, the law is the body of __________ recognized and applied by the state in the administration of justice.

Principles

Moral

Standards

Ethics

8. According to Sir John Salmond, the term “common law” is used in contrast with all of the following except:

Common law as opposed to special law

Common law as opposed to statute law

Common law as opposed to injustice

Common law as opposed to equity

9. Which of the following best describes legal positivism?

It regards moral and law as inseparable

It regards a legal order as a closed logical system

It promotes a view that morality and the law don’t have necessary connection

It perceives law as commands

10. According to Sir John Salmond’s Jurisprudence, justice becomes increasingly justice according to law, and courts of justice become increasingly courts of ___________.

Procedure

Equity

Law

Justice

11. What is analytical jurisprudence?

None of these

The critical analysis of legal decisions

A sociological method to analyze legal systems

To answer the question “What is law?”

12. According to Sir John Salmond’s Jurisprudence, the general norm for division between judge and jury is that questions of law are for the judge and questions of ___________ are for the jury.

Proof

Testimony

Information

Fact

13. According to Imran Ahsan Khan Niazi’s interpretation of Islamic Jurisprudence, the following are elements of Hukm Shari EXCEPT:

The lawgiver

The object

The subject

The act

14. What exactly is “positivism”?

None of these

The approach to the study of law according to which only laws democratically enacted are valid

The approach to the study of law according to which all moral, social, or legal norms are part of law

The approach to the study of law according to which only laws posited by their rightful creators are valid

15. According to Imran Ahsan Khan Niazi’s Islamic Jurisprudence, the literal meaning of Istihsan is to ___________.

Forbid something to consider

Consider something bad

Adopt everything you dislike

Consider something good

16. According to Sir John Salmond, the reasons for attributing the force of law to custom are as follows: first, custom is the embodiment of principles that appeal to the national conscience, EXCEPT:

Myths

Justice

Public utility

Truths

17. According to John Austin, the subject matter of jurisprudence is law ___________.

Moral

Science

Ethical

Positive

18. According to Salmond, inheriting possession is the ________ realization of ownership.

Subjective

Actual

Objective

Tentative

19. Salmond divides public law under two categories: constitutional law and _________ law.

Governmental law

Secretarial law

Administrative law

Executive law

20. Imperative law refers to a precept or rule of action placed on men by some ________ which enforces obedience to it.

Sovereign only

Authority

Society only

Corporation

21. Supporter of the Utilitarianism theory is ___________.

John Stuart Mill

Austin

Holland

Salmond

22. The binding of law means that ___________.

Law cannot be observed

Law is worth observing

Subjects are bound to observe the law

It is force which restrains the law

23. Conventional law is formed up of rules ________ for the regulation of conduct towards each other.

Derived by States or persons

Agreed to by States or persons

Introduced by States or persons

Initiated by States or persons

24. When categorizing the sources of Islamic Law, the Sunnah is regarded as ________.

Primary source

Weak source

Unrecognized source

Secondary source

25. In Pakistan, __________ is an example of subordinate legislation.

The ordinance issued by President of Pakistan

Bylaws made by Capital Development Authority

The ordinance issued by Governor of Punjab

The act enacted by the National Assembly

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26. Which law is referred to as the “mother law,” under which all other laws of the state are subordinate?

Social law

Criminal law

Civil law

Constitutional law

27. The statement of law by courts that goes beyond the requirements of the particular case in hand and lays down an unnecessary rule is called ___________.

Obiter dicta

Res judicata

Res nullius

Ratio decidendi

28. The formal declaration of legal rules by a competent forum is known as ___________.

Orders

Legislation

Writs

Regulations

29. The term “judgment in rem” applies to ___________.

Parties of the case only

Only upon the beneficiaries

Parties claiming rights under the judgment

Everyone

30. A principal is accountable for the actions of his agent under the principle of ___________.

Necessity

Absoluteness

Vicarious liability

Agency

31. Which of the following best describes the concept of “Sovereignty” according to John Austin?

Unlimited power of moral authority

Supreme power of the state to make and enforce law

Delegated power of judiciary

Power shared equally between legislature and citizens

32. According to Sir Henry Maine, the movement of societies is from ___________.

Contract to Status

Status to Contract

Authority to Freedom

Equity to Justice

33. The “Pure Theory of Law” is associated with which jurist?

John Austin

Hans Kelsen

Salmond

Bentham

34. According to Islamic Jurisprudence, Ijma means ___________.

Individual reasoning

Consensus of Muslim jurists

Analogy with previous ruling

Opinion of a single scholar

35. Who among the following is known as the father of modern jurisprudence?

Salmond

Bentham

Austin

Aristotle

36. Which of the following sources of Islamic Law derives authority directly from divine revelation?

Qiyas

Ijma

Quran

Istihsan

37. Who defined law as “a command of the sovereign”?

Roscoe Pound

John Austin

Bentham

Salmond

38. The doctrine of Stare Decisis means ___________.

The decision must be ignored

The law changes with each case

To stand by decided cases

To challenge earlier decisions

39. Which of the following best describes Natural Law Theory?

Law created by legislature

Law derived from reason and morality

Law based on custom and usage

Law dependent on sovereign will

40. According to Salmond, legal rights are interests recognized and protected by ___________.

Morality

State

Society

Custom

41. Who introduced the concept of “Living Law”?

Kelsen

Ehrlich

Salmond

Austin

42. In Islamic Law, Qiyas refers to ___________.

Independent reasoning

Deduction through analogy

Consensus of scholars

Customary law

43. Who is the founder of the Sociological School of Jurisprudence?

John Austin

Roscoe Pound

Hans Kelsen

Bentham

44. According to Salmond, “Ownership” is the relation between a person and ___________.

Another person

A right

A thing

The state

45. Which of the following is NOT a feature of legal rights?

They are enforceable by law

They are moral obligations only

They involve a correlative duty

They are recognized by the state

46. In jurisprudence, “Obligation” means ___________.

Freedom to act

A duty imposed by law

A moral suggestion

A religious directive

47. According to Islamic Jurisprudence, Istislah refers to ___________.

Consensus

Public interest

Analogy

Custom

48. The maxim “Ignorantia juris non excusat” means ___________.

Ignorance of law is an excuse

Ignorance of law is no excuse

Ignorance of facts is punishable

Law excuses ignorance

49. Who among the following is associated with the “Historical School of Law”?

Montesquieu

Savigny

Austin

Bentham

50. Which of the following is the foundation of the Analytical School of Jurisprudence?

Law as the command of sovereign

Law as moral obligation

Law as divine revelation

Law as social behavior

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51. According to Kelsen, every legal norm derives validity from ___________.

Custom

The Constitution

A higher norm

The will of the people

52. In Islamic Law, Istihsab means ___________.

Continuity of an existing state until proven otherwise

Public interest

Analogy

Consensus

53. According to Bentham, the aim of law should be ___________.

To protect traditions

To promote greatest happiness of greatest number

To preserve hierarchy

To limit individual liberty

54. Who said, “Law is the rule of human action and conduct enforced by a sovereign authority”?

Salmond

Austin

Holland

Bentham

55. Which of the following is NOT a recognized source of Islamic Law?

Quran

Sunnah

Ijma

Roman Law

56. In jurisprudence, Rights in rem mean rights available ___________.

Against a specific person

Against the whole world

Against the state only

Against a legal entity

57. According to Roscoe Pound, the main purpose of law is to ___________.

Preserve sovereignty

Maintain morality

Balance competing social interests

Punish offenders

58. According to the Historical School, law develops through ___________.

Custom and traditions of people

Commands of the ruler

Religious instructions

Moral teachings

59. The maxim “Nemo judex in causa sua” means ___________.

Everyone has a right to be heard

No one can be a judge in his own cause

Ignorance of law is no excuse

Justice should not only be done but seen to be done

60. Who introduced the concept of “Social Engineering”?

Hans Kelsen

Roscoe Pound

Jeremy Bentham

John Austin

61. In Islamic Law, Ijtihad means ___________.

Consensus

Independent reasoning by a qualified jurist

Following another scholar’s opinion

Customary usage

62. Who said, “Law is not a command but a general rule of conduct”?

Salmond

Kelsen

Hart

Austin

63. The term “Jurisprudence” is derived from which language?

Greek

Arabic

Latin

French

64. According to Austin, laws set by God for men are called ___________.

Divine laws

Positive laws

Natural laws

Human laws

65. In Islamic Law, Urf refers to ___________.

Consensus

Customary practice accepted by society

Analogy

Public interest

66. According to Kelsen’s hierarchy, the “Grundnorm” means ___________.

The first constitution of a state

The basic or fundamental norm from which other norms derive validity

The command of the ruler

The common law principle

67. Who among the following is a supporter of the Realist School of Jurisprudence?

Hans Kelsen

Karl Llewellyn

John Austin

Roscoe Pound

68. According to Salmond, possession is a relation between ___________.

Two persons

A person and a thing

Two states

Two rights

69. Which of the following statements best explains the “Command Theory of Law”?

Law is an agreement between citizens

Law is based on morality

Law is the command of a sovereign backed by sanction

Law is a divine revelation

70. In Islamic Law, Maqasid al-Shariah refers to ___________.

Objectives or goals of Islamic law

The punishments for crimes

The sources of legislation

The collection of Hadiths

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