MDCAT Biology Acellular life Test Online

MDCAT Biology Acellular life Test

MDCAT Biology preparation with this online MCQ test on Acellular Life. This quiz covers key concepts related to viruses, viroids, prions, and viral diseases, including structure, replication, and classification—based on the MDCAT 2025 syllabus.

MDCAT 2025 Acellular life Online Test

Acellular life MCQS Online Question with Answer

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1. What is the shape of the T4 bacteriophage?

Spherical

Helical

Tadpole-shaped

Icosahedral

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2. Why is HIV called a retrovirus?

It uses host ribosomes

It replicates backward from RNA to DNA

It has a double capsid

It uses a DNA genome

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3. How is the genetic material of a virus protected?

By the cell wall

By mitochondria

By the capsid

By the cytoplasm

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4. Which component allows HIV to attach to host cells?

GP120 glycoprotein

Reverse transcriptase

RNA polymerase

DNA ligase

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5. Which of the following correctly describes the genetic material in HIV?

Single-stranded RNA

Double-stranded DNA

Double-stranded RNA

Single-stranded DNA

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6. Which of the following is a DNA virus?

Poliovirus

Influenza virus

HIV

Hepatitis B virus

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7. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of AIDS?

Persistent fever

Sudden weight loss

Strong immune response

Frequent infections

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8. HIV primarily infects which cells of the human body?

Liver cells

Red blood cells

Neurons

T-helper cells

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9. How do viruses reproduce?

By budding

By mitosis

By using the host cell machinery

By binary fission

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10. What makes a virus host-specific?

Length of capsid

Compatibility of surface receptors

Presence of ribosomes

Type of nucleic acid

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11. Which of the following structures is absent in all viruses?

Protein coat

Nucleic acid

Ribosomes

Capsid

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12. What is the first step in viral infection?

Attachment to host cell

Translation

DNA replication

Release of virions

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13. Which of the following diseases is not caused by a virus?

Tuberculosis

Measles

Rabies

Influenza

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14. What is the outer protein coat of a virus called?

Envelope

Membrane

Cell wall

Capsid

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15. Which of the following best describes viral replication?

Using host machinery to replicate

Independent binary fission

Reproduction in the nucleus

Mitosis in host cell

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16. Which enzyme is unique to retroviruses like HIV?

Reverse transcriptase

Ligase

RNA polymerase

DNA polymerase

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17. Which of the following methods cannot destroy viruses?

Disinfectants

Antibiotics

UV radiation

High heat

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18. The term "acellular" refers to:

Cells with large nuclei

Viruses lacking cellular structure

Viruses having many cells

Cells that divide quickly

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19. AIDS is characterized by:

High white blood cell count

Weak immune system and opportunistic infections

Enlarged red blood cells

Excessive energy production

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20. What is a provirus?

A non-infectious form of virus

Viral DNA integrated into host DNA

A plant virus

A virus that infects only animals

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21. What is the incubation period of HIV before AIDS symptoms appear?

1–2 days

Immediate onset

Several months to years

1–2 weeks

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22. Which of the following is not a host for viruses?

Fungi only

Bacteria

Humans

Plants

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23. Which enzyme helps HIV integrate its DNA into the host genome?

Integrase

Helicase

Ligase

RNA polymerase

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24. What is the shape of the influenza virus?

Helical

Icosahedral

Complex

Tadpole

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25. The protein shell that protects the viral genome is known as:

Capsid

Capsule

Envelope

Nucleoid

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26. Which of the following structures is found in enveloped viruses but not in non-enveloped viruses?

Lipid envelope

Capsid

DNA or RNA

Nucleic acid

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27. How is HIV transmitted?

Casual contact

Mosquito bites

Unprotected sexual contact

Coughing or sneezing

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28. Which of the following cells does HIV primarily destroy?

B-cells

Neutrophils

T-helper cells (CD4+)

Red blood cells

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29. Which feature is found only in viruses and not in bacteria?

Ribosomes

Protein coat

Nucleic acid

Cell membrane

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30. Viruses can be classified based on all of the following except:

Host organism

Type of nucleic acid

Ribosome content

Shape and symmetry

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31. Which of the following viruses is responsible for causing AIDS?

HIV

HSV

HCV

HPV

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32. Which part of the HIV virus binds to CD4 receptors on host cells?

Reverse transcriptase

Capsid

Integrase

GP120

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33. Which of the following viral diseases is sexually transmitted?

HIV/AIDS

Measles

Influenza

Hepatitis A

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34. Which of the following best describes the genome of a typical virus?

Always circular DNA

Can be DNA or RNA, single or double-stranded

Only RNA in double-stranded form

Always double-stranded DNA

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35. What makes viruses different from bacteria?

They require a host cell to reproduce

They are prokaryotes

They have mitochondria

They reproduce independently

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36. Which of the following diseases is associated with a long latent period?

Dengue

Mumps

AIDS

Influenza

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37. What is the main function of a viral envelope?

Store energy

Replicate the genome

Aid in host cell recognition and entry

Protect the capsid

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38. Why can’t viruses be classified in the five-kingdom system?

They do not contain DNA

They are not considered living organisms

They are prokaryotes

They are too small

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39. Which virus has both DNA and an envelope?

Poliovirus

Hepatitis B virus

Influenza virus

Rabies virus

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40. Which of the following body fluids does not transmit HIV?

Semen

Blood

Vaginal fluid

Saliva

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41. Which disease is caused by a retrovirus?

Dengue

Hepatitis A

AIDS

Influenza

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42. Which of the following statements is correct about AIDS?

It is caused by a bacterium

It is curable with antibiotics

It only affects the liver

It weakens the immune system

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43. What is the role of reverse transcriptase in HIV?

Breaks down host DNA

Synthesizes viral proteins

Forms viral capsid

Converts viral RNA to DNA

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44. Which type of virus infects bacteria?

Adenovirus

Bacteriophage

Retrovirus

Oncovirus

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45. Viruses are considered non-living because:

They do not grow or carry out metabolism

They reproduce quickly

They cause diseases

They have RNA

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46. Why are antibiotics ineffective against viruses?

Viruses live only in water

Viruses are not living and lack targets like cell walls

Viruses grow too fast

Viruses are immune to drugs

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47. Which statement about viruses is true?

They have both DNA and RNA

They are cellular organisms

They require a host cell for replication

They reproduce on their own

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48. Which virus causes cancer-like conditions and is classified as an oncovirus?

Poliovirus

Dengue virus

HPV

Rabies virus

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49. What type of nucleic acid is found in the Influenza virus?

Single-stranded RNA

Double-stranded RNA

Single-stranded DNA

Double-stranded DNA

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50. Which disease is caused by a virus with helical symmetry?

Polio

Rabies

Mumps

Hepatitis B

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