MDCAT Biology Acellular life Test Online

MDCAT Biology Acellular life Test

MDCAT Biology preparation with this online MCQ test on Acellular Life. This quiz covers key concepts related to viruses, viroids, prions, and viral diseases, including structure, replication, and classification—based on the MDCAT 2025 syllabus.

MDCAT 2025 Acellular life Online Test

Acellular life MCQS Online Question with Answer

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1. Which part of the HIV virus binds to CD4 receptors on host cells?

Integrase

GP120

Reverse transcriptase

Capsid

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2. How do viruses reproduce?

By binary fission

By mitosis

By budding

By using the host cell machinery

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3. Which of the following is a DNA virus?

Poliovirus

Influenza virus

Hepatitis B virus

HIV

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4. HIV primarily infects which cells of the human body?

Red blood cells

Liver cells

T-helper cells

Neurons

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5. Which virus has both DNA and an envelope?

Hepatitis B virus

Influenza virus

Poliovirus

Rabies virus

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6. Which of the following diseases is associated with a long latent period?

Mumps

Influenza

Dengue

AIDS

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7. Which of the following best describes viral replication?

Independent binary fission

Reproduction in the nucleus

Mitosis in host cell

Using host machinery to replicate

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8. Why are antibiotics ineffective against viruses?

Viruses are not living and lack targets like cell walls

Viruses grow too fast

Viruses live only in water

Viruses are immune to drugs

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9. Which of the following correctly describes the genetic material in HIV?

Single-stranded DNA

Single-stranded RNA

Double-stranded DNA

Double-stranded RNA

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10. What is the shape of the T4 bacteriophage?

Spherical

Tadpole-shaped

Icosahedral

Helical

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11. Why is HIV called a retrovirus?

It has a double capsid

It uses host ribosomes

It replicates backward from RNA to DNA

It uses a DNA genome

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12. Which of the following body fluids does not transmit HIV?

Vaginal fluid

Blood

Semen

Saliva

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13. What is the main function of a viral envelope?

Store energy

Replicate the genome

Protect the capsid

Aid in host cell recognition and entry

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14. Which statement about viruses is true?

They are cellular organisms

They have both DNA and RNA

They reproduce on their own

They require a host cell for replication

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15. How is HIV transmitted?

Casual contact

Mosquito bites

Coughing or sneezing

Unprotected sexual contact

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16. What is the incubation period of HIV before AIDS symptoms appear?

Immediate onset

1–2 weeks

1–2 days

Several months to years

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17. Which disease is caused by a retrovirus?

Hepatitis A

Dengue

AIDS

Influenza

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18. What type of nucleic acid is found in the Influenza virus?

Double-stranded RNA

Single-stranded RNA

Double-stranded DNA

Single-stranded DNA

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19. Which disease is caused by a virus with helical symmetry?

Hepatitis B

Rabies

Mumps

Polio

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20. Which of the following viral diseases is sexually transmitted?

Measles

Hepatitis A

Influenza

HIV/AIDS

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21. Which feature is found only in viruses and not in bacteria?

Cell membrane

Ribosomes

Nucleic acid

Protein coat

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22. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of AIDS?

Persistent fever

Sudden weight loss

Frequent infections

Strong immune response

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23. Which of the following statements is correct about AIDS?

It only affects the liver

It is curable with antibiotics

It is caused by a bacterium

It weakens the immune system

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24. Which type of virus infects bacteria?

Retrovirus

Adenovirus

Oncovirus

Bacteriophage

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25. Viruses are considered non-living because:

They reproduce quickly

They cause diseases

They have RNA

They do not grow or carry out metabolism

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26. Which of the following structures is found in enveloped viruses but not in non-enveloped viruses?

Lipid envelope

Capsid

DNA or RNA

Nucleic acid

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27. Which of the following viruses is responsible for causing AIDS?

HCV

HSV

HIV

HPV

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28. Which of the following cells does HIV primarily destroy?

B-cells

Red blood cells

Neutrophils

T-helper cells (CD4+)

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29. What makes a virus host-specific?

Length of capsid

Presence of ribosomes

Type of nucleic acid

Compatibility of surface receptors

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30. The term "acellular" refers to:

Cells with large nuclei

Viruses lacking cellular structure

Viruses having many cells

Cells that divide quickly

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31. The protein shell that protects the viral genome is known as:

Capsid

Nucleoid

Envelope

Capsule

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32. What is a provirus?

A virus that infects only animals

A non-infectious form of virus

A plant virus

Viral DNA integrated into host DNA

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33. Which of the following structures is absent in all viruses?

Nucleic acid

Protein coat

Ribosomes

Capsid

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34. How is the genetic material of a virus protected?

By the capsid

By the cell wall

By mitochondria

By the cytoplasm

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35. Which component allows HIV to attach to host cells?

Reverse transcriptase

GP120 glycoprotein

RNA polymerase

DNA ligase

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36. Which of the following diseases is not caused by a virus?

Tuberculosis

Influenza

Rabies

Measles

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37. Which enzyme helps HIV integrate its DNA into the host genome?

RNA polymerase

Integrase

Helicase

Ligase

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38. What makes viruses different from bacteria?

They reproduce independently

They require a host cell to reproduce

They have mitochondria

They are prokaryotes

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39. What is the role of reverse transcriptase in HIV?

Breaks down host DNA

Synthesizes viral proteins

Forms viral capsid

Converts viral RNA to DNA

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40. Which of the following best describes the genome of a typical virus?

Can be DNA or RNA, single or double-stranded

Only RNA in double-stranded form

Always double-stranded DNA

Always circular DNA

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41. What is the first step in viral infection?

Translation

DNA replication

Release of virions

Attachment to host cell

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42. Viruses can be classified based on all of the following except:

Shape and symmetry

Host organism

Ribosome content

Type of nucleic acid

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43. Which of the following is not a host for viruses?

Bacteria

Humans

Fungi only

Plants

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44. Which virus causes cancer-like conditions and is classified as an oncovirus?

Rabies virus

Poliovirus

Dengue virus

HPV

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45. Which of the following methods cannot destroy viruses?

UV radiation

High heat

Disinfectants

Antibiotics

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46. What is the shape of the influenza virus?

Tadpole

Helical

Complex

Icosahedral

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47. Which enzyme is unique to retroviruses like HIV?

Reverse transcriptase

Ligase

RNA polymerase

DNA polymerase

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48. Why can’t viruses be classified in the five-kingdom system?

They are prokaryotes

They are not considered living organisms

They do not contain DNA

They are too small

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49. AIDS is characterized by:

Excessive energy production

Weak immune system and opportunistic infections

High white blood cell count

Enlarged red blood cells

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50. What is the outer protein coat of a virus called?

Capsid

Membrane

Cell wall

Envelope

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