MDCAT Biology Acellular life Test Online

MDCAT Biology Acellular life Test

MDCAT Biology preparation with this online MCQ test on Acellular Life. This quiz covers key concepts related to viruses, viroids, prions, and viral diseases, including structure, replication, and classification—based on the MDCAT 2025 syllabus.

MDCAT 2025 Acellular life Online Test

Acellular life MCQS Online Question with Answer

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1. Which of the following best describes the genome of a typical virus?

Can be DNA or RNA, single or double-stranded

Always double-stranded DNA

Always circular DNA

Only RNA in double-stranded form

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2. Which of the following structures is found in enveloped viruses but not in non-enveloped viruses?

Capsid

DNA or RNA

Lipid envelope

Nucleic acid

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3. AIDS is characterized by:

Enlarged red blood cells

High white blood cell count

Excessive energy production

Weak immune system and opportunistic infections

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4. Which enzyme is unique to retroviruses like HIV?

RNA polymerase

DNA polymerase

Ligase

Reverse transcriptase

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5. What is the main function of a viral envelope?

Store energy

Aid in host cell recognition and entry

Replicate the genome

Protect the capsid

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6. How do viruses reproduce?

By budding

By using the host cell machinery

By binary fission

By mitosis

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7. Which feature is found only in viruses and not in bacteria?

Protein coat

Ribosomes

Cell membrane

Nucleic acid

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8. Why is HIV called a retrovirus?

It uses a DNA genome

It has a double capsid

It replicates backward from RNA to DNA

It uses host ribosomes

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9. Which of the following statements is correct about AIDS?

It is curable with antibiotics

It weakens the immune system

It is caused by a bacterium

It only affects the liver

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10. How is HIV transmitted?

Coughing or sneezing

Mosquito bites

Casual contact

Unprotected sexual contact

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11. Which part of the HIV virus binds to CD4 receptors on host cells?

GP120

Integrase

Capsid

Reverse transcriptase

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12. Which component allows HIV to attach to host cells?

RNA polymerase

DNA ligase

Reverse transcriptase

GP120 glycoprotein

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13. Which of the following viruses is responsible for causing AIDS?

HCV

HPV

HIV

HSV

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14. Which of the following body fluids does not transmit HIV?

Semen

Vaginal fluid

Blood

Saliva

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15. Viruses are considered non-living because:

They do not grow or carry out metabolism

They reproduce quickly

They have RNA

They cause diseases

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16. What is the outer protein coat of a virus called?

Cell wall

Capsid

Membrane

Envelope

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17. Which of the following diseases is not caused by a virus?

Measles

Tuberculosis

Influenza

Rabies

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18. Which of the following viral diseases is sexually transmitted?

Hepatitis A

HIV/AIDS

Measles

Influenza

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19. How is the genetic material of a virus protected?

By the cell wall

By mitochondria

By the capsid

By the cytoplasm

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20. Viruses can be classified based on all of the following except:

Shape and symmetry

Ribosome content

Type of nucleic acid

Host organism

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21. What is the incubation period of HIV before AIDS symptoms appear?

Several months to years

1–2 days

1–2 weeks

Immediate onset

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22. What is the shape of the influenza virus?

Complex

Helical

Tadpole

Icosahedral

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23. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of AIDS?

Persistent fever

Strong immune response

Frequent infections

Sudden weight loss

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24. What is the first step in viral infection?

DNA replication

Release of virions

Attachment to host cell

Translation

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25. Which statement about viruses is true?

They require a host cell for replication

They reproduce on their own

They are cellular organisms

They have both DNA and RNA

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26. Which of the following is not a host for viruses?

Bacteria

Humans

Fungi only

Plants

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27. What type of nucleic acid is found in the Influenza virus?

Single-stranded RNA

Single-stranded DNA

Double-stranded DNA

Double-stranded RNA

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28. Which of the following cells does HIV primarily destroy?

T-helper cells (CD4+)

Red blood cells

B-cells

Neutrophils

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29. Why are antibiotics ineffective against viruses?

Viruses are not living and lack targets like cell walls

Viruses grow too fast

Viruses are immune to drugs

Viruses live only in water

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30. Which enzyme helps HIV integrate its DNA into the host genome?

Helicase

Ligase

Integrase

RNA polymerase

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31. Which of the following structures is absent in all viruses?

Nucleic acid

Ribosomes

Capsid

Protein coat

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32. Which disease is caused by a retrovirus?

AIDS

Hepatitis A

Dengue

Influenza

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33. What makes viruses different from bacteria?

They require a host cell to reproduce

They reproduce independently

They have mitochondria

They are prokaryotes

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34. The term "acellular" refers to:

Cells that divide quickly

Viruses lacking cellular structure

Cells with large nuclei

Viruses having many cells

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35. Which of the following correctly describes the genetic material in HIV?

Single-stranded RNA

Double-stranded RNA

Single-stranded DNA

Double-stranded DNA

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36. Why can’t viruses be classified in the five-kingdom system?

They are not considered living organisms

They are prokaryotes

They are too small

They do not contain DNA

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37. Which of the following best describes viral replication?

Independent binary fission

Reproduction in the nucleus

Mitosis in host cell

Using host machinery to replicate

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38. What makes a virus host-specific?

Presence of ribosomes

Length of capsid

Compatibility of surface receptors

Type of nucleic acid

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39. What is a provirus?

A non-infectious form of virus

Viral DNA integrated into host DNA

A plant virus

A virus that infects only animals

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40. Which of the following diseases is associated with a long latent period?

Dengue

Mumps

AIDS

Influenza

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41. Which type of virus infects bacteria?

Oncovirus

Adenovirus

Bacteriophage

Retrovirus

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42. Which of the following methods cannot destroy viruses?

Antibiotics

UV radiation

High heat

Disinfectants

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43. What is the role of reverse transcriptase in HIV?

Converts viral RNA to DNA

Forms viral capsid

Synthesizes viral proteins

Breaks down host DNA

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44. Which virus causes cancer-like conditions and is classified as an oncovirus?

Rabies virus

Poliovirus

HPV

Dengue virus

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45. Which virus has both DNA and an envelope?

Influenza virus

Hepatitis B virus

Rabies virus

Poliovirus

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46. The protein shell that protects the viral genome is known as:

Nucleoid

Envelope

Capsule

Capsid

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47. What is the shape of the T4 bacteriophage?

Spherical

Icosahedral

Helical

Tadpole-shaped

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48. Which of the following is a DNA virus?

HIV

Poliovirus

Influenza virus

Hepatitis B virus

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49. Which disease is caused by a virus with helical symmetry?

Polio

Hepatitis B

Rabies

Mumps

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50. HIV primarily infects which cells of the human body?

Liver cells

Red blood cells

T-helper cells

Neurons

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