Biology Inheritance Test Online MCQs

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Question 1

1. Which of the following is a result of gene linkage?

Answer

Random recombination

Answer

Inherited traits appear together

Answer

Traits assort independently

Answer

Greater genetic variation

Question 2

2. Sex-linked genes are mostly located on:

Answer

Mitochondrial DNA

Answer

X chromosome

Answer

Y chromosome

Question 3

3. Which of the following is an example of a dihybrid trait?

Answer

Blood type in humans

Answer

Height in pea plants

Answer

Height and seed shape in pea plants

Answer

Flower color in pea plants

Question 4

4. Which of the following best defines crossing over?

Answer

Exchange of genetic material between sister chromatids

Answer

Exchange of segments between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes

Answer

Random mutation of DNA

Answer

Segregation of alleles during mitosis

Question 5

5. What process can separate linked genes?

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Replication

Answer

Crossing over

Question 6

6. The units of inheritance are:

Answer

Chromosomes

Question 7

7. Which of the following diseases is caused by an X-linked recessive gene?

Answer

Hemophilia

Answer

Sickle-cell anemia

Question 8

8. What is gene mapping based on?

Answer

Location of traits

Answer

Frequency of crossing over

Answer

Physical size of chromosomes

Answer

Shape of DNA

Question 9

9. In Mendel's dihybrid cross, what phenotypic ratio is expected in the F2 generation?

Question 10

10. Hemophilia primarily affects:

Answer

Nerve function

Answer

Digestive system

Answer

Muscle strength

Answer

Blood clotting

Question 11

11. Which of the following would have a 100% chance of passing on an X-linked recessive trait to daughters?

Answer

Normal mother

Answer

Carrier mother

Answer

Carrier father

Answer

Affected father

Question 12

12. In hemophilia, a female must inherit:

Answer

One defective autosome

Answer

One defective Y

Answer

Two defective X chromosomes

Answer

One defective X

Question 13

13. Which process leads to genetic recombination?

Answer

Replication

Answer

Translation

Answer

Crossing over

Question 14

14. A hemophilic male and a carrier female have how many chances of passing on the disease?

Question 15

15. Which of the following terms best describes the physical appearance of an organism?

Question 16

16. Gene linkage occurs when:

Answer

Genes are silenced

Answer

Genes code for the same protein

Answer

Genes are located close together on the same chromosome

Answer

Genes are located on different chromosomes

Question 17

17. Which term refers to different forms of a gene?

Answer

Chromatids

Answer

Nucleotides

Question 18

18. In X-linked inheritance, who can be carriers of the trait?

Answer

Only females

Answer

Only males

Answer

Both males and females

Question 19

19. Which of the following crosses would show Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment?

Answer

TtRr × TtRr

Question 20

20. A recessive allele is expressed only when:

Answer

It is dominant over another allele

Answer

It is present on both homologous chromosomes

Answer

It is present on a Y chromosome

Answer

It is on a heterozygous genotype

Question 21

21. What is the purpose of a Punnett square?

Answer

To predict the probability of genetic traits

Answer

To identify dominant alleles

Answer

To study chromosomes under a microscope

Answer

To determine the age of a gene

Question 22

22. In which sex is hemophilia most commonly expressed?

Answer

Both equally

Answer

Only children

Question 23

23. Which scientist is known as the father of genetics?

Question 24

24. How many types of gametes can be produced by a heterozygous dihybrid individual (TtRr)?

Question 25

25. Why can’t fathers pass X-linked traits to sons?

Answer

Sons reject X chromosomes

Answer

Fathers don’t carry defective genes

Answer

Sons don’t have X chromosomes

Answer

Fathers only pass the Y chromosome to sons

Question 26

26. Which of the following violates the law of independent assortment?

Answer

Gene linkage

Answer

Crossing over

Answer

Codominance

Question 27

27. A female with normal genes for clotting marries a hemophilic man. What is the chance their son will have hemophilia?

Question 28

28. What is the probability that a carrier mother and a normal father will have a son with hemophilia?

Question 29

29. In Mendel’s experiments, which trait was dominant?

Answer

Short stem

Answer

Wrinkled seeds

Answer

White flower

Question 30

30. Which term describes genes located on the same chromosome and inherited together?

Answer

Codominant genes

Answer

Linked genes

Answer

Recessive genes

Question 31

31. What does a test cross help determine?

Answer

The blood group

Answer

The number of chromosomes

Answer

Whether an individual is heterozygous or homozygous dominant

Answer

The presence of recessive traits only

Question 32

32. What does heterozygous mean?

Answer

Having different alleles

Answer

Having two identical alleles

Answer

Having a dominant trait only

Answer

Having one allele

Question 33

33. What is the significance of independent assortment?

Answer

It increases the number of cells

Answer

It maintains genetic stability

Answer

It ensures mutation

Answer

It increases genetic variation

Question 34

34. Why are X-linked recessive traits more common in males?

Answer

Males have only one X chromosome

Answer

Males have two X chromosomes

Answer

Males are more prone to mutations

Answer

Y chromosome protects them

Question 35

35. Which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?

Answer

Anaphase II

Answer

Prophase I

Answer

Telophase I

Answer

Metaphase I

Question 36

36. What is the condition in which an individual has two identical alleles for a trait?

Answer

Heterozygous

Answer

Homozygous

Question 37

37. What does the Law of Independent Assortment explain?

Answer

Dominant traits hide recessive ones

Answer

Each pair of alleles segregates independently during gamete formation

Answer

Mutations occur randomly

Answer

Alleles always segregate together

Question 38

38. If T is dominant for tall and t for dwarf, what is the phenotype of Tt?

Answer

Medium height

Question 39

39. In a Punnett square of an XʰX × XY cross, what is the chance of a daughter being a carrier?

Question 40

40. What is the result of crossing TT (tall) with tt (short) pea plants?

Answer

All medium

Answer

50% tall, 50% short

Question 41

41. Which of the following best describes Mendel's Law of Segregation?

Answer

Genes always blend in offspring

Answer

Traits are inherited in pairs

Answer

Dominant traits are always expressed

Answer

Alleles for a trait separate during gamete formation

Question 42

42. What is the effect of crossing over on linked genes?

Answer

Ensures they always remain linked

Answer

May separate them, increasing variation

Answer

Has no effect

Answer

Prevents their expression

Question 43

43. What is the expected genotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross between two heterozygotes?

Question 44

44. A carrier female for hemophilia would have the genotype:

Question 45

45. If two carriers of a recessive disorder marry, what is the chance their child will be affected?

Question 46

46. Which of the following is a test cross?

Question 47

47. A male inherits his X chromosome from:

Answer

His father

Answer

Both parents

Answer

Only from autosomes

Answer

His mother

Question 48

48. How many alleles does a diploid organism have for each gene?

Question 49

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Total Questions:	48
Time Allowed:	25 Minutes
Total Marks:	48
How to Attempt Test:	Please choose the right Option in MCQ-type question.
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