10th Class Physics Chapter 3 Geometrical Optics Short Question Answer
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10th Class Physics Chapter 3 Geometrical Optics Short Question Answer
The angle <i made by the incident ray with the normal is called angle of incidence.
Conditions:
i. Lights rays should travel from denser medium to rare medium.
ii. Angle of incidence i. should be larger than critical angle.
Snell’s law: The ration sini/sinr is known as the refractive index of the second medium with respect to the first medium.
Define angle of reflection: the angel between normal N and the reflected ray OB i.e.
When light travelling in a certain medium falls on a surface of another medium a part of it turns back in the same medium. It is called reflection of light.
The refractive index ‘n’ of a medium is the ratio of the speed of light ‘c’ in the vacuum to the speed of light ‘v’ in the medium.
When a ray of light from denser medium enters a rare medium in such a way that angle of incident is greater than critical angle, then the ray is reflected totally inside and does not emerge out from the denser medium.This phenomenon is called total internal reflection.
The process of bending of light as it passes from air into glass and vice versa is called refraction of light.
Reflection of light occurs according to following two laws called laws of reflection.
i. The incident ray, reflected ray and normal at the point of incidence, all lie in the same plane.
ii. The angle of incidence and the angle of reflection are equal. i.e.
The angle
i. The incident ray, refracted ray and the normal at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane.
ii. The ratio of sine of angle of incidence to the sin of angle of refraction r is always equal to the constant
The angle between incident ray AO and normal N i.e.
Resolving power of an instrument is its ability to distinguish between two closely placed objects or point sources.
It is the radius of the sphere of which spherical mirror is a part.
It is the midpoint of the curved surface of spherical mirror.It is also called vertex.
The light rays travelling parallel to the principal axis of a concave lens after refraction appear to come from a point behind the lens is called principal focus.”F”
When ray of light travel from denser medium to rare medium then the angle of incidence for which the angle of refraction becomes 90° is called critical angle.
The reflection by the rough surface is called irregular reflection. e.g. reflection of paper or wall or rough surface.
A spherical mirror is a part of a sphere. The center of this sphere is called center of curvature.
The lens which causes incident parallel rays to converge at a point is known as convex or converging lens.
Shape: This lens is thick at the center but thin at the edges.
The endoscope used to diagnose the stomach is called Gastroscopy.
When a ray is refracted through some refracted surface it deviates from its original path. The angle D made by the deviated ray with the normal is called angle of deviation.
The size of spherical mirror is called aperture.
There are two types of lens.
The lens which causes incident parallel rays of light to diverge from a point is called concave lens.
Shape: This lens is thin at the center and the thick at the edges.
After reflection from a concave mirror rays of light parallel to the principal axis converge to a point F. this point is called’The principle focus’ of the mirror.
Astronomical telescope:
i. Objective lens has larger focal length than the eyepiece.
ii. Distance between the objective lens and the eyepiece is equal to f0+fe.
iii. It is used to see distant astronomical objects.
Contact lens show the same result as eyeglasses do .These are small thin lenses are placed directly on cornea a thin layer of tears between the lens and cornea keeps the lens in place.
Pinhole camera is simpler than a camera with one lens is a pinhole camera. To make a pinhole camera, a tiny pinhole is made in one side of a box. An inverted real image is formed on the opposite side of the box.
The branch of optics that focuses on the creation of images is called geometrical optics, because it is based on relationship between angles and lines that describe light rays.
