Biology Variation and Genetics Online Test MCQs

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Question 1

1. What does gene linkage refer to?

Answer

Genes located close together on the same chromosome

Answer

Genes with multiple alleles

Answer

Genes found on different chromosomes

Answer

Genes with no effect on phenotype

Question 2

2. What is meant by codominance?

Answer

Both alleles are fully expressed

Answer

Traits blend in offspring

Answer

One allele is completely dominant

Answer

One trait is hidden

Question 3

3. If a trait is X-linked and recessive, who is more likely to express it?

Answer

Both equally

Question 4

4. What is the probability of producing a tall pea plant (Tt × Tt), assuming tall (T) is dominant?

Question 5

5. Which of the following represents multiple alleles?

Answer

IA, IB, i (blood groups)

Question 6

6. Which blood type is considered the universal donor?

Question 7

7. Which of the following is an example of a sex-linked trait?

Answer

Tongue rolling

Answer

Blood type

Answer

Hemophilia

Question 8

8. A male with hemophilia inherits the gene from:

Answer

Both parents

Answer

Grandparents

Answer

His mother

Answer

His father

Question 9

9. Which of the following conditions is caused by multiple alleles?

Answer

Huntington’s disease

Answer

Hemophilia

Answer

Blood groups

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Question 10

10. In humans, sex is determined by:

Answer

X and Y chromosomes

Answer

Number of genes

Answer

Environment

Question 11

11. What does the term "locus" refer to?

Answer

Type of chromosome

Answer

Type of allele

Answer

Type of mutation

Answer

Physical location of a gene on a chromosome

Question 12

12. What is the result of crossing over?

Answer

Genetic variation

Answer

Identical gametes

Question 13

13. A cross between RR and rr individuals will result in which genotype in F1?

Question 14

14. What is the law of segregation?

Answer

Alleles for a trait separate during gamete formation

Answer

All traits blend in offspring

Answer

Genes exist only in pairs

Answer

Dominant traits are always expressed

Question 15

15. The red-white eye color in Drosophila is an example of:

Answer

Dominant-recessive on Y

Answer

Polygenic inheritance

Answer

Autosomal inheritance

Answer

X-linked inheritance

Question 16

16. Who is known as the father of genetics?

Answer

James Watson

Answer

Gregor Mendel

Answer

Charles Darwin

Answer

Louis Pasteur

Question 17

17. What are sex chromosomes also known as?

Answer

Somatic chromosomes

Question 18

18. In Drosophila, red eyes are dominant over white eyes. What is the expected outcome of crossing a red-eyed female (carrier) with a white-eyed male?

Answer

All white-eyed offspring

Answer

50% white-eyed males

Answer

All red-eyed offspring

Answer

50% white-eyed females

Question 19

19. How many alleles control the ABO blood group system?

Question 20

20. What does the law of independent assortment state?

Answer

All alleles blend equally

Answer

Traits are always inherited together

Answer

Dominant traits skip generations

Answer

Gene pairs separate independently in gametes

Question 21

21. Which term refers to the physical appearance of a trait?

Answer

Chromosome

Question 22

22. In a dihybrid cross, what phenotypic ratio is expected in the F2 generation?

Question 23

23. What are alternative forms of a gene called?

Question 24

24. Which genotype represents a carrier female for hemophilia?

Question 25

25. In Mendel's experiment, round seeds were dominant over:

Answer

Tall plants

Answer

Yellow seeds

Answer

Wrinkled seeds

Answer

Green pods

Question 26

26. What is the genotype of a male in terms of sex chromosomes?

Question 27

27. Who rediscovered Mendel’s work in the early 1900s?

Answer

Thomas Morgan

Answer

Charles Darwin

Answer

Watson and Crick

Answer

Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns, Erich von Tschermak

Question 28

28. A genotype of “Tt” represents a:

Answer

Homozygous recessive

Answer

Homozygous dominant

Answer

Incomplete dominance

Answer

Heterozygous

Question 29

29. What organism did Mendel use in his inheritance experiments?

Answer

Fruit flies

Answer

Pea plants

Question 30

30. What tool is used to trace inheritance patterns in families?

Answer

Electrophoresis

Answer

Pedigree chart

Answer

Microscope

Question 31

31. What is a test cross used for?

Answer

Predict phenotype

Answer

Determine unknown genotype

Answer

Determine age

Question 32

32. What is the expected phenotypic ratio in a monohybrid cross?

Question 33

33. Crossing over occurs during which phase of meiosis?

Answer

Metaphase I

Answer

Prophase I

Answer

Anaphase I

Answer

Telophase II

Question 34

34. Which term describes the failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis?

Answer

Nondisjunction

Answer

Translocation

Question 35

35. Which is an example of incomplete dominance?

Answer

Hemophilia

Answer

Eye color in humans

Answer

AB blood group

Answer

Red and white flower making a pink flower

Question 36

36. Which of the following statements best explains Mendel’s principle of dominance?

Answer

Both alleles are equally expressed

Answer

One allele may mask the effect of another

Answer

The recessive allele is always expressed

Answer

Alleles blend to form an intermediate trait

Question 37

37. Which term refers to the genetic makeup of an organism?

Question 38

38. Which of the following disorders is caused by a recessive gene on the X chromosome?

Answer

Down syndrome

Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Answer

Hemophilia

Answer

Huntington’s disease

Question 39

39. If both parents are heterozygous for a trait, what is the chance their child will be homozygous recessive?

Question 40

40. What causes variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

Answer

Mutation only

Answer

Independent assortment and crossing over

Answer

All of the above

Answer

Random fertilization

Question 41

41. Which term describes having identical alleles?

Answer

Heterozygous

Answer

Homozygous

Question 42

42. How many phenotypes are possible in ABO blood group inheritance?

Question 43

43. What does a Punnett square help predict?

Answer

Evolution rate

Answer

Blood pressure levels

Answer

Chromosome numbers

Answer

Genotypic and phenotypic outcomes

Question 44

44. How many chromosomes do human gametes contain?

Question 45

45. Which type of inheritance does not follow Mendel’s law of independent assortment?

Answer

Monohybrid cross

Answer

Dihybrid cross

Answer

Gene linkage

Answer

Co-dominance

Question 46

46. Which generation did Mendel refer to as F1?

Answer

First parental

Answer

First filial

Answer

Second parental

Question 47

47. Which of the following is a genetic disorder related to blood clotting?

Answer

Color blindness

Answer

Hemophilia

Answer

Thalassemia

Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Question 48

48. In a dihybrid cross, how many different phenotypes can be produced?

Question 49

49. Which of the following is a statistical tool used to predict inheritance?

Answer

Punnett square

Answer

Spectrophotometer

Answer

Thermometer

Answer

Graph paper

Question 50

50. Which organism is commonly used to study sex linkage?

Answer

Drosophila melanogaster

Question 51

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Total Questions:	50
Time Allowed:	25 Minutes
Total Marks:	50
How to Attempt Test:	Please choose the right Option in MCQ-type question.
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Biology Variation and Genetics Online Test MCQs

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Important Biology Variation and Genetics Question and Answer

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