Biology Variation and Genetics Online Test MCQs

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Question 1

1. Which term refers to the physical appearance of a trait?

Answer

Chromosome

Question 2

2. Which of the following statements best explains Mendel’s principle of dominance?

Answer

One allele may mask the effect of another

Answer

Alleles blend to form an intermediate trait

Answer

Both alleles are equally expressed

Answer

The recessive allele is always expressed

Question 3

3. Which generation did Mendel refer to as F1?

Answer

Second parental

Answer

First parental

Answer

First filial

Question 4

4. Which of the following disorders is caused by a recessive gene on the X chromosome?

Answer

Down syndrome

Answer

Huntington’s disease

Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Answer

Hemophilia

Question 5

5. Which genotype represents a carrier female for hemophilia?

Question 6

6. What does the term "locus" refer to?

Answer

Type of chromosome

Answer

Physical location of a gene on a chromosome

Answer

Type of mutation

Answer

Type of allele

Question 7

7. What is the genotype of a male in terms of sex chromosomes?

Question 8

8. If both parents are heterozygous for a trait, what is the chance their child will be homozygous recessive?

Question 9

9. What does gene linkage refer to?

Answer

Genes with no effect on phenotype

Answer

Genes found on different chromosomes

Answer

Genes with multiple alleles

Answer

Genes located close together on the same chromosome

Question 10

10. What is the probability of producing a tall pea plant (Tt × Tt), assuming tall (T) is dominant?

Question 11

11. In Drosophila, red eyes are dominant over white eyes. What is the expected outcome of crossing a red-eyed female (carrier) with a white-eyed male?

Answer

50% white-eyed females

Answer

All red-eyed offspring

Answer

All white-eyed offspring

Answer

50% white-eyed males

Question 12

12. Which term describes having identical alleles?

Answer

Homozygous

Answer

Heterozygous

Question 13

13. What does the law of independent assortment state?

Answer

Dominant traits skip generations

Answer

All alleles blend equally

Answer

Traits are always inherited together

Answer

Gene pairs separate independently in gametes

Question 14

14. The red-white eye color in Drosophila is an example of:

Answer

Autosomal inheritance

Answer

Dominant-recessive on Y

Answer

X-linked inheritance

Answer

Polygenic inheritance

Question 15

15. How many chromosomes do human gametes contain?

Question 16

16. What are alternative forms of a gene called?

Question 17

17. Who rediscovered Mendel’s work in the early 1900s?

Answer

Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns, Erich von Tschermak

Answer

Watson and Crick

Answer

Charles Darwin

Answer

Thomas Morgan

Question 18

18. A genotype of “Tt” represents a:

Answer

Homozygous recessive

Answer

Heterozygous

Answer

Homozygous dominant

Answer

Incomplete dominance

Question 19

19. Which of the following represents multiple alleles?

Answer

IA, IB, i (blood groups)

Question 20

20. Crossing over occurs during which phase of meiosis?

Answer

Metaphase I

Answer

Anaphase I

Answer

Prophase I

Answer

Telophase II

Question 21

21. If a trait is X-linked and recessive, who is more likely to express it?

Answer

Both equally

Question 22

22. What does a Punnett square help predict?

Answer

Genotypic and phenotypic outcomes

Answer

Evolution rate

Answer

Blood pressure levels

Answer

Chromosome numbers

Question 23

23. Which of the following is a statistical tool used to predict inheritance?

Answer

Graph paper

Answer

Thermometer

Answer

Spectrophotometer

Answer

Punnett square

Question 24

24. In a dihybrid cross, what phenotypic ratio is expected in the F2 generation?

Question 25

25. A male with hemophilia inherits the gene from:

Answer

Grandparents

Answer

His father

Answer

Both parents

Answer

His mother

Question 26

26. Which term describes the failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis?

Answer

Nondisjunction

Answer

Translocation

Question 27

27. In Mendel's experiment, round seeds were dominant over:

Answer

Wrinkled seeds

Answer

Tall plants

Answer

Yellow seeds

Answer

Green pods

Question 28

28. Which blood type is considered the universal donor?

Question 29

29. Which of the following is a genetic disorder related to blood clotting?

Answer

Thalassemia

Answer

Hemophilia

Answer

Color blindness

Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Question 30

30. How many alleles control the ABO blood group system?

Question 31

31. What tool is used to trace inheritance patterns in families?

Answer

Microscope

Answer

Pedigree chart

Answer

Electrophoresis

Question 32

32. Which is an example of incomplete dominance?

Answer

Eye color in humans

Answer

Red and white flower making a pink flower

Answer

AB blood group

Answer

Hemophilia

Question 33

33. How many phenotypes are possible in ABO blood group inheritance?

Question 34

34. What is the result of crossing over?

Answer

Identical gametes

Answer

Genetic variation

Question 35

35. In a dihybrid cross, how many different phenotypes can be produced?

Question 36

36. What is the expected phenotypic ratio in a monohybrid cross?

Question 37

37. What are sex chromosomes also known as?

Answer

Somatic chromosomes

Question 38

38. What is a test cross used for?

Answer

Determine age

Answer

Determine unknown genotype

Answer

Predict phenotype

Question 39

39. Who is known as the father of genetics?

Answer

Charles Darwin

Answer

Louis Pasteur

Answer

James Watson

Answer

Gregor Mendel

Question 40

40. Which organism is commonly used to study sex linkage?

Answer

Drosophila melanogaster

Question 41

41. What is meant by codominance?

Answer

One trait is hidden

Answer

Traits blend in offspring

Answer

Both alleles are fully expressed

Answer

One allele is completely dominant

Question 42

42. Which term refers to the genetic makeup of an organism?

Question 43

43. What organism did Mendel use in his inheritance experiments?

Answer

Fruit flies

Answer

Pea plants

Question 44

44. What causes variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

Answer

All of the above

Answer

Random fertilization

Answer

Mutation only

Answer

Independent assortment and crossing over

Question 45

45. Which of the following is an example of a sex-linked trait?

Answer

Hemophilia

Answer

Tongue rolling

Answer

Blood type

Question 46

46. Which type of inheritance does not follow Mendel’s law of independent assortment?

Answer

Gene linkage

Answer

Co-dominance

Answer

Monohybrid cross

Answer

Dihybrid cross

Question 47

47. What is the law of segregation?

Answer

Dominant traits are always expressed

Answer

Alleles for a trait separate during gamete formation

Answer

All traits blend in offspring

Answer

Genes exist only in pairs

Question 48

48. A cross between RR and rr individuals will result in which genotype in F1?

Question 49

49. In humans, sex is determined by:

Answer

Number of genes

Answer

Environment

Answer

X and Y chromosomes

Question 50

50. Which of the following conditions is caused by multiple alleles?

Answer

Blood groups

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Hemophilia

Answer

Huntington’s disease

Question 51

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Total Questions:	50
Time Allowed:	25 Minutes
Total Marks:	50
How to Attempt Test:	Please choose the right Option in MCQ-type question.
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Biology Variation and Genetics Online Test MCQs

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Important Biology Variation and Genetics Question and Answer

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