KPK 11th Class Biology Chapter 2 Biological Molecules Short Questions Answers
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Class/Subject: 11th Class Biology
Chapter Name: Biological Molecules
Board: All KPK Boards
- Malakand Board 11th Class Biology Chapter 2 Biological Molecules short questions Answer
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- Swat Board 11th Class Biology Chapter 2 Biological Molecules short questions Answer
- Dera Ismail Khan Board 11th Class Biology Chapter 2 Biological Molecules short questions Answer
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KPK 11th Class Biology Chapter 2 Biological Molecules Short Questions Answers
Define the following:
a) Condensation b) Hydrolysis
a) Condensation b) Hydrolysis
Condensation:
It is a process in which large organic molecules are synthesized and water molecules are removed.
Example: Starch is a macromolecule formed of many glucose units. For example, n Glucose Starch + Water
Hydrolysis: It is the reverse of the condensation. It is defined as a process in which large organic molecules (polymers) are broken down into monomers and involves the addition of water molecules.
Example: Sucrose + water Glucose + fructose
What are different kinds of carbohydrates? Give two examples of each.
Carbohydrates:
Carbohydrates are organic compounds that are mainly composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They are the most abundant biomolecules in nature. There are three kinds of carbohydrates.
Monosacharides:
They are simple sugars which are not hydrolyzed into more simple units e.g glucose, fructose, ribose etc.
Oligosacharides:
They are hydrolyzed to form from 2 to 10 simple monosacharide units. The units are bonded together by glycosidic bonds. The oligosacharides that are hydrolyzed into two simple units are called disacharides. Disacharides are the most common oligosacharides. For example, Sucrose(Table. Sugar), Lactose, maltose etc.
Polysacharides:
They are polymers of monosacharide units. They are hydrolyzed into more than ten units e.g starch, cellulose, glucagon etc.
Compare the isomers and stereoisomers of glucose.
Isomers:
Compounds of the some atomic number and molecular formula but different structure with different properties are called isomers.
For example: glucose, fructose, mannose and galactose all have the same chemical formula i.e C6H12O6 and are there are isomers of each other.
Stereoisomers:
Glucose, fructose, mannose and galactose are differ from each other in their configuration i.e the arrangement of their atoms in space differs from each other. Such isomerism is called stereoisomerism.
Give the chemical nature of the glycosidic bond.
Glycosidic bond:
The covalent bond that is formed between two or more monosacharides forming disacharides or polysacharides is called glycosidic bond
For example, Maltose is formed by glycosidic linkage (bond) between one molecule of glucose with another molecule of glucose (1 4 linkage) with the elimination of one water molecule. This reaction is condensation.
