12th Class Biology Chapter 13 Man and His Environment Short Questions Answer

12th Class Biology Chapter 13 Man and His Environment Short Questions Answer
Class:12th Class Subject:Biology
Chapter:Chapter 13 Board:All Boards
Important Short Questions: This page contains solved short questions for 12th Class Biology Chapter 13. These questions are frequently asked in All Boards past papers. Memorize them for full marks.

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12th Class Biology Chapter 13 Man and His Environment Short Questions Answer

1.What are the effects of global warming?
This may lead to rapid melting of ice caps and glaciers bringing floods and path of major air and ocean currents drastically affecting the global weather conditions.
2.What is the cause of decline in thickness of ozone layer?
The decline in thickness of the ozone layer is caused by increasing level of chlorofluorocarbon which contains chlorine fluorine and carbon.The chlorine released destroys the ozone molecule in ozone layer.
3.What are renewable resources?
They are never depleted and are recycled in the nature Air, water ,food,land, forests and wild life are renewable recurses.
4.What are the main types of pollution?
Some main types of pollution are: Air pollution or atmospheric pollution.
5.Why trees are called environmental buffers?Or Define environmental buffers.Give examples?
Trees are called environmental buffers as they intercept heavy rainfall and release the water steadily and slowly to soil beneath and to the streams and river that strats in or flows through them the tree roots hold the soil in place.
6. Why coal oil and gas are called fossil fuels?
They are called fossil fuels because they are the remains of plants and animals of past which became buried due to environmental hazards and were fossilized in deeper layers of earth and sea.
7.What is hydroelectric power or electricity?
The kinetic energy of falling water is harnessed to turn turbines fixed at the base of dams. The turning turbines will then drive generator to produce electricity which is known as then drive generator to produce electricity which is known as hydroelectric power or electricity.
8.What vital roles do soil play?
Soil plays following vital roles: i) Supporting life on land plants depends directly on soil to be anchored firmly. A large number of organisms are living on land. ii) Soil provides water organic and inorganic nutrients to the plants. iii) Soil is used for cultivation house building industrialization and road making.
9.What are main sources of water pollution?
i) Untreated Sewag untreated sewage must not be emptied into rivers.Sewage tains harmful bacteria and poisonous chemicals.Certain bacteria cause diseases like typhoid adn cholera when they get into the human intestine.ii) Oil and detergent: Oil pollution of the sea has become a familiar event killing life in water and life  dependent on aquatic producers.
10.Differentiate between health and disease?
The steady internal state of homeostasis is known as normal health.Where as disease may refer to the departure from normal or steady internal state of homeostasis through structural or functional of the body.
11.What are the basic constituents of soil?
The basic constituents of soil are soil particles soil water organic and inorganic matter and soil organisms.
12.What are the disadvantages of nuclear power?
Each nuclear power station only can last for about 30 years and trict safety measures have to be taken to avoid radiation pollution.
13.What is ozone layer?
Ozone is a layer of atmosphere extending from 10- 50 kilometres above earth which filters most of UV radiation and protects us from these harmful rays of the sun.In pure form ozone is bluish explosive and highly poisonous gas.Ozone molecule is mage up of three oxygen atoms bounded together.
14.What do you mean by non- renewable resouces?
These resources are exhaustible and once consume3d cannot be replaced.They include various metals non-metallic minerals and fossil fuels.
15.What is difference between deforestation and A-forestation?
Clearnace of vast areas of forest for lumber planting subsistence crops or grazing cattle is called as deforestation.While establisment of new forest where no forests existed previously is called a-forestation.
16.Define biodiversity?
Biodiversity refers to the total number of different species within an ecosystem and resulting complexity of interactions among them.
17.What is water pollution?
Contamination of streams lakes underground water bays or oceans by substances harmful to living things is called water pollution.
18.Define green House effect?
The capacity of certain gases in the atmosphere to trap heat emitted from the Earth’s surface thereby indulating and warming the Earth is called greenhouse effect.
19.What is acid rain?
Acid Rain is a form of air pollution in which airborne acids produced by electric utility plants and other sources fall to Earth in distant regions.The corrosive nature of acid rain causes widespread damage to the environment.
20.What is algal bloom?
Vast quantities of algae feed and reproduce on the nutrients causing the water to trun green.This is called algal bloom.
21.Why tere is a need of protection and conservation of the environment?
Enviroment is a treasure of all types of resources essential to maintain life on earth.Environment is a direct or indirect source for food shelter clothing fuel etc.For humans. Therefore it must be protected and conserved.
22.What is eutrophication?
This is the natural process of excessive enrichment of water with nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates.
23.What is wild life?
Wild life refers to all non-cultivated plants and non-domesticated animals.
24.What is nutrient cycle?
In nature there is no such thing as waste dead materials decay and become food for other living things.This food is consumed or decays and become food again.This is the nutrient cycle.
25.How blance in the nutrient cycle can be upset?
The balance in the nutrient cycle can be upset when: i) Not enough food is produced. ii) Too much is consumed. iii) Decayed nutrients are not returned to the ground.
26.What is air?
It is several kilometres thick blanket of atmosphere surrounding the earth.Air is very important natural resource.
27.What is composition of air?
It consists of nitrogen(79%) oxygen(20%) carbon dioxide (0.03%) and traces of inert gases called noble gases.
28.What are the effects of air pollution?
Green house effects and acid rains are global effects of the pollution.
29.What are main uses of water?
Main uses of water are: i) Domestic/irrigation use 10% ii) Industrial utilization 90%.
30.What is soil?
Soil can be defined as the upper layer of earth’s crust.
31.What is the important of wild life?
Game animals and plants have been major source of food for humans.Wild life play very important role in food chain.Without these the food chain can be disturbed to such an extent that it will be very difficult to maintain the balance.
32.What are inexhaustible resources of energy?
The resources which are vas and can not finished are called inexhaustible resources.These include solar energy falling water wind ocean thermal gradients waves tides currents geothermal and biomass.
33.What are exhaustible sources of energy?
The resources which are likely to be depleted are called exhaustible resources.These include fossil fuels like coal oil and natural gas.
34.What are causes of tides?
Tides are mainly caused by the gravitational pull of the moon to a lesser extent and the gravitational pull of sun on the water in sea and oceans.
35.How nuclear energy is used to generate electricity?
In nuclear power station large amount of heat is generated by nuclear fission which takes place in a nuclear reactor.The heat energy is then used to convert water into steam which drives steam turbines for generating electricity.
36.What is Geothermal energy?
The natural heat energy trapped underground is called geothermal energy.
37.What are teh environmental problems involved in the use of solid wastes for fuel production?
i) Sulphur emission. ii) Release of polluted water. iii) Disposal of organic sludge produced in bioconversion.
38.What is the temperature in Oceans?
In oceans especially in tropical regions temperature of surface water is about 25ᵒC and that at the depth of few hundred meters only 5ᵒC.
39.Give at least two ways to conserve energy?
Develop and use energy efficient machines engines and manufacturing processes.Switch off lights and electrical appliances when they are not in use.
40.What is reforestation?
Reforestation is the replacement of deforestation i.e.trees may be replanted.
41.What are environmental buffers?
Regions with high rain fall are suitable for trees growth.They are called Environmental buffers they intercept heavy rainfall and release the water steadily and slowly.
42.Define pollution?
Any thing produced by humans which is or may be harmful to human life and other living organisms is called environmental pollution.
43.What are Air pollutants?
Harmful substance such as sulphur dioxide carbon monoxide and oxide of nitrogen lead compounds and chlorofluorocarbons are known as air pollutants.
44.What are the effects of ozone depletion?
If more ultrabiolet rays reach the earth’s surface they will effect all life on earth by increasing temperature increase in skin cancers and cataracts in human.It can also affect crops plants trees and even marine plankton and distort weather patterns.
45.What are causes of green house effect?
Over urbanization deforestation industrialization are the causes of green house effect which is gradually increasing temperature on earth now being termed as global warming.
46.Give two effects of acid rains?
1) Acid rain damages life in lakes farms and forests. 2) Plants poisoned and deprived of nutrients become weak and vulnerable to infection and insect attack.
47.What is the main cause of water pollution?
Human activity is the main cause to pollute canais streams lakes rivers and even seawater.
48.What is a pesticide?
A pesticide is a chemical which destroys agricultural pests or competitors.The examples are insecticide fungicide and herbicide.
49.Differentiate between insecticide fungicide and herbieide?
An insecticide is a chemical that kills the insects while fungicide kills the parasitic tungi and herbicide kills the weeds.
50.What are Fertilizers?
These are the chemical substances used to add additional nutrient in soil to increase the fertility.

When did man adopt agriculture?

Man adopted agriculture about 10,000 years ago.

How do the human beings depend on the environment?

The human beings depend on the environment directly as well as indirectly for food, shelter clothing, fuel and other necessities of life.

Write down the renewable (inexhaustible) environmental resources which serve as primary sources for the existence of humans.

These are the air, water, food, land, forests, fish and wildlife.

Name the non-renewable (exhaustible) environmental resources which serve as primary sources for the existence of humans.

These are various metals, non-metallic minerals and fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas.

What is the composition of the air?

The air consists of about 79% nitrogen, 20% oxygen. 0.03% carbon dioxide, traces of inert (noble) gases and varying amount of water vapours.

Name the gases which are generally found in polluted air?

These are carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen and sulphur.

Quote examples of the global effects of the pollution?

These are greenhouse effect and acid rains.

What percentage of the body weight of animals and plants comprises water?

The water comprises about 70% to 90% of the body weight of animals and plants.

How much of our daily energy needs are met from the fossil fuels?

The fossil fuels meet 95% of our daily energy needs.

What is hydroelectric power?

The electric power (electricity) generated by the energy of falling water is known as hydroelectric power.

How are tides caused in seas and oceans?

The tides are caused due to a lesser gravitational pull of the moon and higher of the sun on the water in the seas and oceans.

What is tidal power?

The power of rising and falling tides is called as the tidal power.

Define wind?

The air in motion is called wind.

How is electricity generated with the help of wind power?

The windmills (wind turbines) harness wind energy to drive generators, which produce electricity.

How is nuclear or atomic energy obtained?

Nuclear (atomic) energy is obtained from nuclear fuel by the process of nuclear fission which takes place in a nuclear reactor.

What is the maximum age of a nuclear power station?

It is about thirty years.

What is geothermal energy? In which form does it come up to earth’s surface?

The natural heat energy trapped underground is called geothermal energy. It comes up to earth’s surface as heat in the form of hot water of steam.

Where in the world is the geothermal energy frequently available?

The geothermal energy is frequently available in New Zealand and Ice Land.

Define demography?

The study of human populations and the factors that affect them is called demography.

What was the population of Pakistan at the time of independence in 1947?

It was 32.5 million people.

What is a special feature of ozone layer over the Antarctica?

The ozone layer has developed a hole over the Antarctica.

How do the ultraviolet rays affect life when more of them reach earth’s surface?

These rays affect all life on earth by increasing temperature, causing increase in sin cancer and cataract cases in human beings. They also affect crops, plants, trees and even marine plankton.

Explain greenhouse effect?

The thick layer of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, like the glass of a greenhouse, allows the sun energy to reach the earth and heat it but it prevents the re-radiation of this absorbed heat back into the space. This causes increased heating of the earth’s atmosphere, a phenomenon known as greenhouse effect.

Suggest another suitable name for greenhouse effect?

It may be global warming.

What may be the results of increased heating of earth due to greenhouse effect?

Increased heating of earth due to greenhouse effect can cause rapid melting of ice caps and glaciers bringing more floods and affecting global weather conditions.

What are the sources and harmful effects of the air pollutant sulphur dioxide?

The sources of sulphur dioxide in the air are power stations and fossil fuels. Its harmful effects are acid rains, breathing disorders and lung cancer.

Name some important diseases of man caused by nutritional deficiency?

These are scurvy, beriberi, anaemia, goiter and Kwashiorkor.

Write names of two degenerative diseases of man?

These are osteoarthritis and arteriosclerosis.

Enlist some parasitic diseases of man?

Diphtheria, malaria, smallpox, tuberculosis, cholera, gonorrhea and AIDS are some parasitic diseases of man.

Give the names of three human disease which are caused by hormonal disorders?

The names of these diseases are diabetes mellitus, cretinism and goiter.

Have any other short question related to this 12th Class Biology Chapter 13 Man and His Environment please write down in comment section.

How to Write Perfect Short Answers?

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  1. JAZAKALLAH brother ❤You have made it easy for my exam Allah bless you please MDCAT K lye. Notes bnadena

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