12th Class Biology Chapter 10 Evolution Short Questions Answer
| Class: | 12th Class | Subject: | Biology |
| Chapter: | Chapter 10 | Board: | All Boards |
12th Class Biology Chapter 10 Evolution Short Questions Answer
1.What was the source of hydrogen for reducing CO<sub>2</sub> in first photosynthetic organisms?
2.Which idea is known as endosymbiont hypothesis?
3.What was teh second idea of Lamarck called?
4.What is the important turning point for evolutionary theory?
5.How natural selection occurs?
6.What was the statement or theorem of Hardy-Weinberg?
7.Which mating is called a non-random mating?
8.On what evidences Darwin’s theory of evolution was mainly based?
9.Who was Darwin’s predecessor who developed a comprehensive model that attempted to explain how life evolves?
10.What is Spirochete?
11.Define Biogeography?
12.What are Fossils?
13.Define Embryology?
14.What is Molecular Biology?
15.What does evolution refer?
16.What is the Concept of special creation?
17.What is the Concept of Evolution?
18.What did Lamarck said about the use and disuse of organs?
19.What Darwin said about Finches of Galapagos?
20.What was Darwin’s is idea of Origin of Species?
21.What was the contribution of Wallace in the development of theory of natural selection?
22.Define the theory of natural selection?
23.What is Neodarwinism?
24.What does indicate that prokaryotes are ancestors of all life?
25.What are Homologous structures?
26.Name some vestigial structures in man?
27.Different between homologous and analogous organs?
28.Differentiate between natural selection and artificial selection?
29.What is population?
30.Define Species?
31.What is Gene pool?
32.Define the Hardy-Weinberg theorem?
33.What is hardy-Weinberg equation used for?
34.What factors affect the gene frequency?
35.Differentiate between endangered and threatened species?
36.What are hydrothermal vents?
37.Name any five species declared extinct in Pakistan?
Give an exact definition of evolution (of living beings). What are its believers termed as?
Evoluton is the process by which genetic changes take place in populations of animals and plants over millions of years in response to environmental changes. The believers are termed as ‘evolutionists’.
Explain “Theory of Special Creation” (Creationism). What are its believers called as?
“Theory of special creation” means that al the living things were created by Nature in their present form and that no changes have occurred in them since they came into existence. The believers of this theory are called as Creationists.
Name the earliest evolutionist.
Aristotle was the earliest evolutionist.
Who published the essay on the “Principle of Population”?
Thomas Malthus published the essay on the “Principle of Population”.
What is the contribution of Georges Cuvier in biology?
Georges Cuvier worked on palaeontology and explained earth’s history by catastrophism.
Who published the book “Principles of Geology”?
Charles Lyell published the book “Principles of Geology”.
What are hydrothermal vents?
The underwater hot springs found deep in oceans, from which life might have originated according to one view, are called hydrothermal vents.
Which group of bacteria can tolerate temperature up to 120°C?
The group of bacteria is the archaebacteria (ancient bacteria).
Which were the first photosynthetic organisms? Which raw materials were used by them for photosynthesis?
Bacteria were the first photosynthetic organisms. They used carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide as raw materials for photosynthesis.
When was life made possible on land and how?
Life was made possible on land 420 million years ago due to the formation of a thick protective layer of ozone in the upper atmosphere.
Which organisms originated first, prokaryotes or eukaryotes and when?
Prokaryotes originated first, more than 3.5 billion years ago.
When did eukaryotes evolve?
The eukaryotes evolved about 1.5 billion years ago.
State endosymbiont hypothesis regarding the evolution of eukaryotic cell. Who proposed this hypothesis?
According to endosymbiont hypothesis, the eukaryotic cell evolved when a large anaerobic amoeboid prokaryote ingested bit not digested small aerobic bacteria which developed into mitochondria. This hypothesis was proposed by Lynn Margulies.
How did endosymbiotic development of chloroplasts occur during the evolution of plants?
During their evolution, ingestion of prokaryotes that resembled present-day cyanobacteria led to the endosymbiotic development of chloroplasts in plants.
Which are the two hypotheses regarding the evolution of the eukaryotic cell?
These are the endosymbiont hypothesis and the membrane invagination hypothesis.
What was Lamarck’s theory regarding evolution based on? When was it presented?
Lamarck’s theory regarding evolution was based on use and disuse of organs and the inheritance of acquired characteristics. It was presented in 1809.
When and where was Charles Darwin born?
Charles Darwin was born in 1809, in Shrewsbury in western England.
What was the name of the ship on which Darwin performed voyage, in which capacity?
Darwin performed voyage on the ship named Beagle, as a Naturalist.
What the name was of eh islands which Darwin visited during his voyage and which were inhabited by finches?
Their name was Galapagos Islands.
How were the theories of natural selection of Darwin and Wallace different from each other?
Both the theories were quite similar to each other.
What is struggle for existence’ in Darwin’s theory of evolution?
Struggle for existence is the competition between various individuals of a population for survival (or in other words for necessities of life).
Explain “Natural Selection”?
The survival of organisms better fitted to their environment, in the struggle for existence is called “Natural Selection”.
What is the main difference between the theories of Lamarck and Darwin regarding organic evolution?
Lamarck proposed that the species change due to the influence of environment and the use and disuse of organs but Darwin presumed that species change due to natural selection based on hereditary variations.
Define population genetics?
Population genetics is the study of the number, variety and distribution of genes in a population and of the factors that influence these genes.
What does biogeography mean?
The geographical distribution of organisms is known as biogeography.
Which armored mammals are distributed only in America?
These are armadillos.
How does fossil record provide evidence of evolution?
The study and dating of fossils help us to discover the trends in evolution such as which fossil animals (or plants) were the ancestors of what others.
What are fossils?
The fossils are either preserved actual remains or parts of organisms that lived in ancient geological times.
Where are most of the fossils found?
Most of the fossils are found in sedimentary rocks.
Define genetic drift.
The change in allele frequency of small population, purely by chance is called genetic drift.
Have any other short question related to this 12th Class Biology Chapter 10 Evolution please write down in comment section.
How to Write Perfect Short Answers?
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