10th Class Chemistry Chapter 8 Chemical Industries Short Question Answer
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10th Class Chemistry Chapter 8 Chemical Industries Short Question Answer
The molten matte is shifted from converter to sand moulds and is allowed to cool. The dissolved gases escape out forming blister on the surface of solid copper. It is called blister copper. It is 98% pure copper.
The earthly and other impurities associated with minerals are called gangue.
When ammonium carbonate is evaporated with the help of steam. It dehydrates to form Urea. NH₃COONH₄⟼ NH₂CONH₂ + H₂O
1. Carbon dioxide and ammonia are recovered and reused.
2. Sodium carbonate of very high purity is obtained.
Ammonia Carbon dioxide
Brine NaCl Lime stone CaCO₃ Ammonia gas Nh₃
Principle of solvay’s process lies in low solubility of sodium bicarbonate at low temperature. i.e. 15 oc when, CO₂ is passed through an ammonia Cal solution of NaCl called brine only NaHCO3 precipitate.
Froth flotation is based on the wetting characteristics of the ore and gangue particles with oil and water respectively.
The process of extraction of a metal in pure form on a large scale with minimum case from its ore by physical or chemical mean is called metallurgy.
Imperial chemical industries.
Refining process is the separation of crude oil mixture into various useful fractions.
Copper glance Cu₂S Chalcopyrite CuFeS₂.
Used as domestic fuel, a special grade of it is used as jet fuel.
Petroleum gas Petroleum ether Gasoline Kerosene oil Diesel oil fuel oil.
Petroleum is extracted by drilling holes into earth’s crust where the oil is formed.
Lime is used to separate the gangue in the form of slag.
1. It is a cheap process as raw materials are available at very low prices.
2. Carbon dioxide and ammonia are recovered and reused.
3. Process is pollution free, because the only waste is calcium chloride solution.
4. Sodium carbonate of very high purity is obtained.
Liquid petroleum gas.
It is use in ships and industries to heat boilers and furnaces.
Used as laboratory solvent and for dry cleaning purpose.
The principle of fractional. Distillation is based upon a separation of substance depending upon their boiling point.
Silage mixture of metals silicate and phosphates while cuprous sulphide and ferrous sulphide form a mixture. This molten mixture is called matte.
Lubricants Asphalt Paraffin wax Petroleum coke.
There are several types, such as hydrogen fuel (for automotive uses). Ethanol, and biodiesel, which are also categorized as a liquid fuel.
Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons. These are separated into useful products, such as fuels, using a process called fractional distillation in fractionating tower.
Flow sheet diagram of refining of petroleum:
Composition of petroleum:Petroleum is essentially a mixture of hydrocarbons particularly alkies. Cycloalkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons. Apart from hydrocarbons it may also contain compounds containing Oxygen and nitrogen.
Raw material:
1. Ammonia
2. Brine (concentrated sodium chloride solution)
3. Lime stone as a source of carbon dioxide and slaked lime, Ca(OH)₂
Urea or carbamide is an organic compound with the chemical formula CO(NH₂)₂. The molecule has two -NH₂ groups joined by a carbonyl (C=O) functional group.
Natural gas, Butane, Propane, Gasoline, Home heating oil, Plastics, Kerosene and jet fuel, Diesel.
