10th Class Chemistry Chapter 6 The Atmosphere Short Question Answer
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10th Class Chemistry Chapter 6 The Atmosphere Short Question Answer
Define pollutant, also writes its factors on which it depends?
A pollutant is a waste material that pollutes air, water and soil.
• Factors
• Chemical nature
• Concentration
• Persistence
What are the reasons of waterborne diseases?
Diseases that spread because of drinking polluted water or eating food prepared with polluted water are called waterborne infectious disease. Water pollution may be due to toxins or microorganisms. Toxins are arsenic, mercury, arsenic, lead and many organic chemicals. Microorganisms are viruses, bacteria, protozoa and worms
What is composition of dry air?
Nitrogen 78.09
Oxygen 20.94
Argon 0.93
Carbon dioxide 0.03
How waterborne disease can be prevented?
Waterborne diseases can be prevented by taking the following measures.
1: Provision of safe water: Drinking water must be properly treated and purified
2: Disposal of sewage: There must be adequate sanitary disposal of sewage. Any type of waste must not be thrown or discharge directly in water supplies or reservoirs
3: Control of toxic chemicals: Chemical contamination can cause acute illness, but often toxic contaminants are slow poisons and carcinogens. There must be a strict control over the use of pesticides and other chemical
Define metallurgy.
The process of extraction of a metal in pure form on a large scale with minimum case from its ore by physical or chemical mean is called metallurgy.
Define atmosphere.
Atmosphere is the envelope of different gases around the earth. It extends continuously from earth’s surface outwards without any boundary. About 99% of atmospheric mass likes within 30 km and 75% lies within the lowest 11km.
List down the names of layers of atmosphere.
1: Troposphere
2: Stratosphere
3: Mesosphere
4: Thermosphere
How detergents make the water unfit for aquatic life?
The detergent remains in water for a long time and makes the water unfit for aquatic life. The phosphates salts present in detergents cause rapid growth of alga in water bodies, which flow over the surface of water. These plants ultimately die and decay. Decaying plants being biodegradable consume oxygen gas present in water. Thus depletion of oxygen gas results in death of aquatic life.
Why the temperature of upper stratosphere is high?
In stratosphere’s upper region the temperature rises gradually upto 2°C. The presence of 07-Otle (due to absorption of radiations) in this region in responsible for rise of temperature
Where does the ozone layer exist?
Ozone layer exists in the middle layer of stratosphere about 25-30 km away from earth’s surface
0₂+0 —0₃
How temperature of atmosphere is maintained?
Although concentration of carbon dioxide and water vapours is negligible in atmosphere, play a significant role in maintaining temperature of atmosphere. Both of these gases allows visible light to pass through but absorbs infrared radiations emitted by earth’s surface. Therefore, these much of outgoing radiations and warm the atmosphere.
What is effect of acid rain on buildings?
Acid rain attack the calcium carbonate present in marble and limestone of building” monuments. Thus. These building are getting dull and eroded day by day.
Why are the flood risks increasing?
Because global warming melts glaciers and snow caps that are increasing flood risks and intestine tropical cyclones
What do you mean by air pollutant?
The harmful substances present in air are called air pollutants. Air pollutants change the weather, badly, affects the human health, damage the plants and destroy buildings.
What are major constituents of troposphere?
The major constituents of troposphere are nitrogen and oxygen gases. These gases comprise 99% by volume of earth’s atmosphere.
Write two effects of SO₂.
It is colorless gas having irritating smell. It causes suffocation, irritation and severe problems to asthmatic people.
What do you mean by an air pollutant?
The harmful substances present in air are called air pollutants. Air pollutants change the weather, badly affects the human health, damage the plants and destroy buildings.
List down the names of layers of atmosphere.
i. Troposphere
ii. Stratosphere
iii. Mesosphere
iv. Thermosphere
How flood risks are increasing?
Global warming melts glaciers and snow caps that are increasing flood risks and intense tropical cyclones.
Define greenhouse effect.
CO₂ forms a layer around earth that absorbs the infrared radiations emitted by earth surf heating up atmosphere, called greenhouse effect.
Where is the ozone layer found?
Ozone is present throughout the atmosphere. But its maximum concentration called ozone layer lies in stratosphere region about 25 to 30 km away from the Earth’s surface
Why are plants dying day by day? Comment.
Acid rain directly damages the leaves of trees and plants, thus limiting their growth. Depending upon the severity of the damage, plants growth can be hampered. Plants capability to resist cold or diseases reduces and ultimately die.
Define atmosphere?
Atmosphere is the envelope of different gases around the earth. It extends continuously from earth’ surface outwards without any boundary. About 99% of atmospheric mass likes within 30 km and 75% lies within the lowest 11 km.
Differentiate primary pollutants and secondary pollutants?
Secondary Pollutants:These are waste or exhaust product driven out various reactions of primary pollutants
Example: H₂SO₄, H₂CO₃ ,HNO₃ , HF , Ozone ,PAN
What are major constituents of troposphere?
The major constituents of troposphere are nitrogen and oxygen gases. These gases comprise 99% by volume of earths’ atmosphere.
How combustion of fossil fuels in internal combustion engine produces oxides of nitrogen?
Combustion of fossil fuels in internal combustion engines, in thermal power stations and factories where huge amount of coal is burnt, NO is formed by the direct combination of nitrogen and oxygen as shown
N₂(g) + O₂→2NO(g)
However, it quickly reacts with air to form nitrogen dioxide. NO2 is highly toxic gas.
2NO(g) + O₂(g)→ 2NO₂(g)
How is aquatic life affected by acid rain?
Aquatic life present in lakes also suffers because of high concentration of these metals. Especially high concentration of aluminum ions clogs the fish gills. It causes suffocation and ultimately death of fish.
Why the 75% of the atmospheric mass lies within the troposphere?
The major constituent of troposphere are nitrogen and oxygen gases. These two gases volume by volume of Earth’s atmosphere Hence it contain 75% of atmosphere mass.
Where is the ozone layer found?
Ozone is present throughout the atmosphere. But its maximum concentration called ozone layer lies in stratosphere region about 25 to 30 km away from the Earth’s surface.
How are sulphur containing compounds emitted naturally?
Naturally occurring sulphur containing compounds are emitted in the bacterial decay of organic matter. In volcanic gases and forest fires.
