New MDCAT Syllabus 2025 Chapter Wise Download PDF online

Dear MDCAT students, The Pakistan Medical and Dental Council (PMDC) has officially released the MDCAT Syllabus 2025, now standardized for all provinces, including Punjab, Sindh, KPK, Balochistan, Islamabad, and AJK.

This updated syllabus applies nationwide and is valid for all entry test bodies such as UHS, KMU, Dow, BMC, and SZABMU. It aligns with the FSC curriculum and outlines the subject-wise structure for Biology, Chemistry, Physics, English, and Logical Reasoning, totaling 180 MCQs with no negative marking. The syllabus is available in PDF format to help students prepare according to the latest pattern and requirements set by the PMDC for medical and dental college admissions.

The Pakistan Medical and Dental Council (PMDC) has officially released the updated MDCAT Syllabus 2025, introducing several significant changes to better align with the educational standards and requirements for medical and dental college admissions. This revised syllabus is applicable nationwide, ensuring a standardized approach for all candidates across Pakistan. The Pakistan Medical and Dental Council (PMDC) has officially announced the finalized MDCAT syllabus for 2025, providing clarity for students preparing for the upcoming medical entrance examination. This announcement comes after months of deliberation by the PMDC MDCAT Reform Committee, which began reviewing potential changes in November 2024.

MDCAT Exam Structure & Key Changes

The MDCAT 2025 introduces several important modifications to the traditional format:

MDCAT Test Format

• Total MCQs: 180 questions
• Duration: 3 hours
• Format: Paper-based multiple choice
• Marking: No negative marking
• Minimum Pass Marks: 55% for Medical Colleges, 50% for Dental Colleges

Subject Weightage Distribution

The weightage has been significantly restructured from previous years:

Biology:

• Weightage: 45%
• Percentage of MCQs: 81

Chemistry:

• Weightage: 25%
• Percentage of MCQs: 45

Physics:

• Weightage: 20%
• Percentage of MCQs: 36

English:

• Weightage: 5%
• Percentage of MCQs: 09

Logical Reasoning:

• Weightage: 5%
• Percentage of MCQs: 09

TOTAL:

• Weightage: 100%
• Total MCQs: 180

Difficulty Level Distribution

• Easy Questions: 15% (27 MCQs)
• Moderate Questions: 70% (126 MCQs)
• Difficult Questions: 15% (27 MCQs)

Download New MDCAT Syllabus 2025 PDF

Subject-wise Detailed Breakdown

BIOLOGY Chapters/Units (45% – 81 MCQs)

Biology dominates the MDCAT 2025 with the highest weightage, covering 16 comprehensive units:

Unit 1: Acellular Life

• Virus classification based on structure, strands, diseases, and hosts
• AIDS and HIV infection: symptoms, transmission modes, and causative factors

Unit 2: Bioenergetics

• Cellular respiration of proteins and fats
• Correlation with glucose respiration pathways

Unit 3: Biological Molecules

• Classification and importance of biological molecules
• Water’s biological properties (polarity, hydrolysis, specific heat)
• Carbohydrates: monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides
• Proteins: amino acid structure and protein organization
• Lipids: phospholipids, triglycerides, acylglycerols
• RNA structure and function
• DNA double helix structure (Watson-Crick model)
• Gene definition and function

Unit 4: Cell Structure & Function

• Comparison of animal and plant cells
• Prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cell structures
• Organelles: nucleus, ER, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria
• Chromosome structure and composition

Unit 5: Coordination & Control

• Receptor functions as transducers
• Neuron structure (cell body, dendrites, axon, myelin sheath)
• Nerve impulse and reflex classifications
• Brain anatomy: brain stem, midbrain, cerebellum, cerebrum

Unit 6: Enzymes

• Enzyme characteristics and mechanisms
• Factors affecting enzyme reactions (temperature, pH, concentration)
• Enzyme inhibitors

Unit 7: Evolution

• Origin of life concepts
• Lamarck’s theory of acquired characteristics
• Darwin’s natural selection theory

Unit 8: Reproduction

• Male and female reproductive system functions
• Hormonal regulation of reproductive processes
• Menstrual cycle and hormonal roles
• Sexually transmitted diseases

Unit 9: Support & Movement

• Cartilage, muscle, and bone characteristics
• Muscle types: smooth, cardiac, skeletal
• Skeletal muscle ultrastructure and contraction
• Joint classification and arthritis

Unit 10: Inheritance

• Mendel’s laws of inheritance
• Independent assortment with examples
• Gene linkage and crossing over
• Sex-linked inheritance and hemophilia

Unit 11: Circulation

• Human heart structure
• Cardiac cycle phases
• Blood vessel differences and functions
• Lymphatic system components

Unit 12: Immunity

• Specific defense mechanisms and their importance

Unit 13: Respiration

• Respiratory system functions
• Gas exchange in lungs
• Smoking effects on respiratory system

Unit 14: Digestion

• Digestive system parts and functions
• Associated glands and structures

Unit 15: Homeostasis

• Urinary system organs and kidney structure
• Glomerular filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
• Kidney functions in excretion and osmoregulation
• Kidney stones and failure causes
• Thermoregulation processes
• Nitrogenous waste compounds

Unit 16: Biotechnology

• Vaccine production through biotechnology
• Disease diagnosis using DNA/RNA probes and monoclonal antibodies
• Biotechnology products for disease treatment

CHEMISTRY Chapters/Units (25% – 45 MCQs)

Chemistry covers 20 comprehensive units spanning both inorganic and organic chemistry:

Unit 1: Fundamental Concepts

• Mole ratios and stoichiometric calculations
• Limiting and excess reactants
• Theoretical yield, actual yield, and percentage yield calculations

Unit 2: Atomic Structure

• Proton discovery and properties
• Planck’s quantum theory and photon concept
• Quantum numbers and orbital concepts
• S, P, D orbital shapes

Electronic configuration using Aufbau, Pauli, and Hund’s principles

Unit 3: Gases

• Kinetic molecular theory postulates
• Standard temperature and pressure (STP)
• Gas laws: Boyle’s, Charles’s, and combined gas laws
• Ideal gas equation derivation and applications
• Real vs ideal gas distinctions

Unit 4: Liquids

• Liquid properties based on kinetic theory
• Evaporation, boiling point, and vapor pressure
• Hydrogen bonding in H₂O, NH₃, and HF
• Water’s anomalous behavior

Unit 5: Solids

• Crystalline solid characteristics
• Factors affecting ionic crystal shapes
• Ionic vs molecular crystals
• Crystal lattice structure and lattice energy

Unit 6: Chemical Equilibrium

• Equilibrium concepts in reversible reactions
• Le Chatelier’s principle applications
• Solubility products and common ion effect
• Buffer solutions and Haber’s process

Unit 7: Reaction Kinetics

• Chemical kinetics definitions
• Rate equations and factors affecting reaction rates
• Reaction order and rate constants
• Activation energy and activated complex

Unit 8: Thermochemistry

• Thermodynamics fundamentals
• Exothermic and endothermic reactions
• System, surroundings, and state functions
• First law of thermodynamics and Hess’s law

Unit 9: Electrochemistry

• Redox reaction characteristics
• Oxidation and reduction in terms of oxidation numbers
• Balancing redox equations
• Standard hydrogen electrode and electrode potentials

Unit 10: Chemical Bonding

• VSEPR theory applications
• Sigma and pi bond features
• Hybridization and molecular shapes
• Dipole moments and molecular polarity
• Bond energy comparisons

Unit 11: S- and P-Block Elements

Periodic trends: atomic radii, ionization energy, electronegativity

• Periodic table block demarcation
• Group I and II element reactions
• Group IV element reactions

Unit 12: Transition Elements

• Electronic structures of d-block elements and ions
• Organic Chemistry Units:

Unit 13: Fundamental Principles

• Organic chemistry definitions and classifications
• Functional group concepts
• Stereoisomerism types

Unit 14: Hydrocarbons

• Alkane nomenclature and free radical mechanisms
• Alkene nomenclature, shapes, and reactivity
• Alkene preparation methods
• Benzene molecular orbital treatment
• Resonance and resonance energy
• Electrophilic substitution mechanisms
• Alkyne nomenclature, preparation, and reactions

Unit 15: Alkyl Halides

• IUPAC nomenclature and structure
• Nucleophilic substitution and elimination mechanisms

Unit 16: Alcohols and Phenols

• Nomenclature, structure, and reactivity
• Ether and ester preparation
• Electrophilic aromatic substitution in phenols

Unit 17: Aldehydes and Ketones

• Nomenclature and structural features
• Preparation methods and reactivity comparisons
• Nucleophilic addition reactions
• Reduction and oxidation reactions

Unit 18: Carboxylic Acids

• Nomenclature, structure, and preparation
• Reactivity patterns
• Conversion to acid derivatives

Unit 19: Macromolecules

• Protein classification and structure-function relationships
• Protein nutritional importance
• Enzymes as biocatalysts

Unit 20: Industrial Chemistry

• Adhesive types and applications
• Dye types and uses
• Polymer classifications

PHYSICS Chapters/Units (20% – 36 MCQs)

Physics encompasses 16 units covering classical and modern physics concepts:

Mechanics Units:

Unit 1: Vectors and Equilibrium

• Vector addition using rectangular components
• Scalar and vector products
• Angle relationships in vector operations

Unit 2: Force and Motion

• Displacement, velocity, and acceleration concepts
• Displacement-time graph interpretations
• Projectile motion analysis
• Newton’s laws applications
• Momentum conservation and collision analysis

Unit 3: Work and Energy

• Work concept as force-displacement product
• Kinetic and potential energy relationships
• Power as scalar product of force and velocity
• Energy conservation and efficiency

Unit 4: Rotational and Circular Motion

• Angular displacement, velocity, and acceleration
• Linear and angular quantity relationships

Unit 5: Fluid Dynamics

• Terminal velocity and fluid drag
• Fluid flow types and characteristics
• Continuity equation applications
• Bernoulli’s equation and its applications

Wave and Oscillation Units:

Unit 6: Waves

• Wave motion characteristics
• Progressive wave properties
• Sound speed and Newton’s formula
• Laplace correction for sound speed
• Wave interference and superposition
• Stationary wave formation
• Simple harmonic motion principles

Thermodynamics Unit:

Unit 7: Thermodynamics

• Thermal equilibrium and heat transfer
• Molar specific heat concepts
• First law of thermodynamics
• Work calculations in volume changes

Electricity and Magnetism Units:

Unit 8: Electrostatics

• Coulomb’s law applications
• Electric field concepts and calculations
• Electric potential and potential energy
• Capacitor charging and discharging

Unit 9: Current Electricity

• Steady current concepts
• Ohm’s law and resistance factors
• Internal resistance and maximum power transfer

Unit 10: Electromagnetism

• Magnetic flux density and flux concepts
• Charged particle motion in magnetic fields

Unit 11: Electromagnetic Induction

• Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction
• Lenz’s law and energy conservation
• Transformer construction and operation

Unit 12: Alternating Current

• AC phase relationships
• AC behavior through resistors, capacitors, and inductors
• Electromagnetic spectrum overview
• Electronics and Modern Physics Units:

Unit 13: Electronics

• Rectification processes
• PN junction characteristics and biasing

Unit 14: Dawn of Modern Physics

• Quantum theory and photon energy concepts

Unit 15: Atomic Spectra

• Atomic and line spectra descriptions

Unit 16: Nuclear Physics

• Atomic nucleus composition
• Nuclear decay characteristics
• Half-life calculations
• Radiation’s biological and medical applications

ENGLISH (5% – 9 MCQs)

English assessment focuses on three core competency areas:

Reading and Thinking Skills

• Scanning techniques for short question answers
• Contextual meaning deduction
• Analysis of figurative language and sensory appeals

Formal and Lexical Language Aspects

• Contextual vocabulary understanding
• Synonym usage for irony, parody, and satire

Grammar components:

• Pronoun-antecedent agreement
• Tense usage
• Infinitive and gerund phrases
• Adverb positioning
• Preposition usage
• Transitional devices
• Punctuation marks
• Sentence structure analysis
• Active and passive voice
• Direct and indirect speech

Writing Skills

• Proofreading and editing techniques
• Faulty sentence structure identification
• Subject-verb agreement
• Error correction in usage and style

LOGICAL REASONING (5% – 9 MCQs)

Logical reasoning introduces six thematic areas:

Critical Thinking

• Logical argument development
• Truth and falsehood evaluation
• Belief system analysis using logical reasoning

Letter and Symbol Series

• Sequential pattern recognition
• Mathematical operation applications
• Alphabetical order progressions

Logical Deductions

• Statement relationship analysis
• Structured thinking for conclusion drawing
• Information-based prediction skills

Logical Problems

• Puzzle-solving through deductive reasoning
• Information piece integration for problem solving

Course of Action

• Administrative decision-making skills
• Information gathering and analysis
• Action plan evaluation through arguments

Cause and Effect

• Event relationship analysis
• Causal reasoning development
• Argument-based belief validation

MDCAT Test Preparation Online [ According New Syllabus]

FAQs

When will the MDCAT 2025 be held?

Answer: MDCAT 2025 is scheduled for Sunday, October 5, 2025, by the Pakistan Medical & Dental Council (PMC).

How many total MCQs are there in MDCAT 2025?

Answer: The exam contains 180 MCQs across five subjects — down from the previous 210 question format.

Subject	% of Total Questions	Number of MCQs
Biology	45%	81
Chemistry	25%	45
Physics	20%	36
English	5%	9
Logical Reasoning	5%	9
Total	100%	180

How many MCQs come from Physics in MDCAT 2025?

Answer: Physics contributes 36 MCQs (20% of total) .

Is there any negative marking in MDCAT 2025?

Answer: No. There is no negative marking for incorrect answers .

What is the pass mark or minimum score required?

Answer: The pass threshold is 55% (99/180) for MBBS and 50% (90/180) for BDS .

What is the latest syllabus for MDCAT 2025?

Answer: The latest MDCAT 2025 syllabus, released on May 26, 2025, is a unified curriculum across Pakistan, covering Biology, Chemistry, Physics, English, and Logical Reasoning. It aligns with FSC textbooks but includes topic-specific updates.

Has the MDCAT 2025 syllabus changed from 2024?

Answer: Yes, the 2025 syllabus has undergone updates in topic structure and subject balance. It now follows a nationally uniform format with clearly defined chapters and weightage.

Is the MDCAT syllabus same for all provinces (PMC, UHS, KMU, SZABMU)?

Answer: Yes. The PM&DC has implemented a single, national MDCAT syllabus for all provinces and medical universities.

Is FSC syllabus enough for MDCAT preparation?

Answer: Mostly yes, but students must study strictly according to the official MDCAT 2025 syllabus, as some topics may vary in scope or depth from standard FSC textbooks.

Which chapters of Biology are most important for MDCAT?

Answer: According to the syllabus, key chapters include Cell Biology, Biological Molecules, Human Physiology, Reproduction, Bioenergetics, and Homeostasis, due to their high MCQ frequency.

Is organic chemistry included in MDCAT 2025?

Answer: Yes, Organic Chemistry is included in detail and contributes significantly to the Chemistry section’s 45 MCQs.

Are numericals asked in MDCAT Physics?

Answer: Yes, numerical and conceptual questions are included, especially from Kinematics, Laws of Motion, Current Electricity, and Modern Physics — all without calculator use.

Is English grammar part of the MDCAT syllabus?

Answer: Yes, English covers grammar, vocabulary, sentence structure, comprehension, and synonym/antonym recognition, as outlined in the syllabus.

Where can I find practice MCQs for each chapter?

Answer: Chapter-wise MCQs aligned with the 2025 syllabus are available on platforms like GoTest MDCAT Prep, official KMU MDCAT site, and reputable preparatory books.

Can I download the complete MDCAT 2025 syllabus in PDF?

Answer: Yes, the official syllabus PDF can be downloaded from here New Syllabus Official MDCAT Test.

Who is eligible for MDCAT 2025?

Answer: Students who have passed or are appearing in FSc (Pre-Medical) or A-Level (Biology group) with at least 60% marks are eligible.

How many times can I attempt MDCAT in a year?

Answer: Only once per calendar year is allowed for MDCAT under PM&DC policy.

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