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Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984 Test Online

Rizwan HaiderLast Updated: September 20, 2025

Total Questions:	100
Time Allowed:	50 Minutes
Total Marks:	100
How to Attempt Test:	Please choose the right Option in MCQ-type question.
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Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984 MCQs With Answers

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Page 1 of 4

1. Which of the following best defines when a fact is said to be "disproved"?

When the Court has no evidence of it

When the Court believes it does not exist or finds its non-existence highly probable

When it is neither proved nor disproved

When it is conclusively presumed by law

2. Which of the following best defines a fact that is "not proved"?

It is proved beyond doubt

It is conclusively presumed

It is neither proved nor disproved

It is proved by one witness only

3. When the law says the Court "may presume" a fact, what does it mean?

The Court must accept it as true in all circumstances

The Court may regard it as proved unless disproved, or call for proof

The Court may disregard it completely

The Court cannot call for evidence on it

4. When the law directs that the Court "shall presume" a fact, what is required?

The Court has discretion to accept or reject the fact

The Court must regard it as proved unless disproved

The Court cannot call for further proof

The Court may reject the fact if it doubts it

5. What is meant by "conclusive proof" under the law of evidence?

Proof that requires two witnesses

Proof that is subject to cross-examination

Proof that cannot be rebutted once established

Proof that can be disproved by oral evidence

6. Who is competent to testify as a witness?

Only adults above 21 years of age

All persons, unless prevented by inability to understand or answer rationally

Only persons of sound mind and male gender

Only literate persons

7. Which of the following persons is disqualified from testifying?

A person previously convicted for theft

A person previously convicted of perjury or giving false evidence

A person under 18 years of age

A person who is poor and illiterate

8. What is the rule about lunatics as witnesses?

Lunatics are always incompetent

Lunatics are competent unless their lunacy prevents understanding and rational answers

Lunatics may testify only with medical permission

Lunatics may testify if another witness confirms their testimony

9. Can a Judge or Magistrate be compelled to answer questions about his judicial conduct in Court?

Yes, in every case

No, except upon special order of a superior Court

Yes, but only in criminal cases

Yes, if the parties agree

10. Which of the following communications is protected from disclosure during marriage?

Any communication made during marriage between spouses

Any communication before marriage

Communication after divorce

Communication made to a third party during marriage

11. Who can grant permission for evidence from unpublished official records relating to affairs of State?

The Court

The Prime Minister

The head of the department concerned

Any public officer

12. Which of the following is true about official communications by public officers?

They must always be disclosed in court

They cannot be disclosed if it harms public interest

They can only be disclosed in civil suits

They can only be disclosed after retirement

13. Who cannot be compelled to disclose the source of information about offences?

Police officers and Magistrates regarding offences

Revenue officers regarding offences against public revenue

Both A and B

Only Judges

14. Which of the following is NOT protected under advocate-client privilege?

Communication for legal advice

Communication made in furtherance of an illegal purpose

Documents seen in professional employment

Advice given to a client during employment

15. Does advocate-client privilege continue after the employment ends?

No, it ends with employment

Yes, it continues even after the employment ceases

Only if the client renews it

Only in criminal cases

16. Which of the following is an exception to advocate-client privilege?

Confidential advice on lawful contracts

Advice to a client in civil matters

Observing fraud committed after employment began

Communication during drafting of contracts

17. To whom does the privilege under Article 9 also apply?

Only advocates

Advocates, interpreters, and clerks/servants of advocates

Only Judges

Only clients

18. What happens if a party voluntarily gives evidence in a suit?

They waive all rights of privilege

They are deemed not to have consented to disclosure under Article 9 unless they question the advocate on privileged matters

They can no longer call an advocate

They lose their case

19. Can a person be compelled to disclose confidential communications with a legal adviser?

Yes, always

No, unless they testify themselves, in which case disclosure may be compelled to explain their evidence

Only in criminal trials

Only in civil cases

20. Is a non-party witness compelled to produce title deeds or mortgage documents?

Yes, always

No, unless they agreed in writing

Yes, if the Court orders

No, never

21. If a witness fears self-incrimination, can they refuse to answer?

Yes, they may refuse

No, they must answer, but their answer cannot be used against them except for perjury

Yes, but only in civil cases

No, they must answer and it can be used against them

22. Is an accomplice competent as a witness?

No, never

Yes, except in offences punishable with Hadd

Yes, but conviction cannot be based on accomplice testimony

Yes, only if corroborated

23. How is the number and competence of witnesses determined?

By Court’s discretion only

By Civil Procedure Code

By injunctions of Islam in the Quran and Sunnah

By Evidence Ordinance alone

24. In financial obligations reduced to writing, what attestation is required?

One man only

Two women only

Two men, or one man and two women

One man or one woman

25. In all other matters (not Hudood or financial obligations), what testimony may the Court accept?

Only two men

One man or one woman or other evidence as warranted

Two women only

At least three witnesses

Page 2 of 4

26. Evidence may be given of which facts?

Only facts in issue

Facts in issue and relevant facts declared by law

Any facts, even irrelevant

Only written facts

27. Facts so connected with a fact in issue as to form part of the same transaction are called:

Res judicata

Res gestae (facts forming part of same transaction)

Presumptive facts

Conclusive facts

28. Which of the following is an example of facts that are the occasion, cause, or effect of facts in issue?

Marks of struggle near a murder site

A’s absconding after crime

Prior conviction of the accused

Previous marriage records

29. Which facts are relevant under "motive, preparation and conduct"?

Motive and preparation for a fact in issue

Conduct of parties or victims before or after facts in issue

Statements explaining conduct

All of the above

30. If a woman promptly makes a complaint after an alleged rape, is it relevant?

No, complaints are never relevant

Yes, complaint shortly after rape is relevant

Yes, but only if written

No, unless corroborated by witnesses

31. Facts necessary to explain or introduce relevant facts are considered:

Irrelevant

Relevant, but only in criminal cases

Relevant to the extent necessary

Relevant only if both parties agree

32. In conspiracy cases, which statements or acts are relevant?

Only those made in presence of all conspirators

Only those after the crime is committed

Anything said, done, or written by any conspirator in reference to the common design

Only those made in Court

33. Which of the following illustrates relevancy in conspiracy?

Publishing writings advocating the object

Procuring arms abroad for conspiracy

Collecting money for conspiracy

All of the above

34. Which statement about the judgment against B is correct when C is later prosecuted for bigamy?

It is conclusive proof against C

It is relevant but not admissible

It is irrelevant as against C

It binds C as res judicata

35. A prosecutes B for theft of a cow and B is convicted. A then sues C who bought the cow from B before conviction. The judgment against B is:

Conclusive against C

Relevant against C

Irrelevant as between A and C

Admissible to shift burden to C

36. C, B’s son, murders A after A obtained a decree for possession against B. The existence of the decree is:

Irrelevant hearsay

Relevant to show motive

Conclusive of guilt

Only relevant in civil court

37. On a charge of theft with a count of previous conviction for theft, the prior conviction is:

Irrelevant character evidence

Relevant only after conviction

Relevant as a fact in issue

Inadmissible under any circumstances

38. A is tried for murdering B; earlier B had prosecuted A for libel and A was convicted. That prior conviction is:

Irrelevant propensity

Relevant under motive/conduct rules

Conclusive of malice aforethought

Inadmissible due to prejudice

39. What may a party show about a judgment relevant under Articles 54–56 that the opponent has proved?

Nothing; it is conclusive

Only clerical errors

That it was delivered by an incompetent court or obtained by fraud/collusion

Only that appeal is pending

40. When are expert opinions admissible?

Only on domestic law

On foreign law, science, art, handwriting, finger impressions, and certain info-system/e-document issues

Only on scientific experiments, not law

Only if both parties consent

41. Which is a proper subject for expert opinion?

Whether accused is lying

Whether symptoms are consistent with a certain poison

Whether a witness is credible

Whether A is morally guilty

42. Facts otherwise irrelevant become relevant if they:

Support or contradict expert opinions when such opinions are relevant

Are popular beliefs

Are character rumors

Are media reports

43. Opinion on authorship of a document by a person acquainted with the handwriting is:

Inadmissible lay opinion

Admissible and relevant

Admissible only if certified

Admissible only from family members

44. Who is “acquainted with” handwriting for Article 61?

Only those who saw the person write

Those who saw writing, or corresponded with the person, or habitually handled such documents in business

Only handwriting experts

Only government officials

45. Opinions of persons likely to know about a general custom or right are:

Irrelevant hearsay

Relevant to prove existence of such custom/right

Conclusive proof

Admissible only if in writing

46. Opinions on usages/tenets of a group, governance of a foundation, or meanings of local terms are:

Irrelevant

Relevant if from persons with special means of knowledge

Relevant only with expert certificates

Admissible only via statutes

47. Opinion on relationship expressed by conduct from someone with special knowledge is:

Always sufficient to prove marriage

Relevant but not sufficient to prove marriage under Divorce Act or PPC 494/495

Irrelevant in all criminal cases

Conclusive evidence of legitimacy

48. When an opinion is relevant, its grounds are:

Irrelevant details

Relevant and may be proved

Privileged

Admissible only if recorded in court order

49. In civil cases, character to prove conduct imputed is:

Generally irrelevant

Always relevant

Relevant only if alleged by plaintiff

Conclusive if bad

50. In criminal proceedings, the accused’s previous good character is:

Irrelevant

Relevant

Conclusive

Admissible only at sentencing

Page 3 of 4

51. The accused’s previous bad character is:

Always admissible

Irrelevant unless the accused has given evidence of good character

Conclusive of guilt

Admissible only via hearsay

52. “Character” in Articles 66–69 means:

Only reputation

Only disposition

Reputation and disposition; generally only general reputation/disposition, not particular acts (except as in Art. 68)

Particular acts only

53. Which facts may be proved by oral evidence?

All facts including document contents

All facts except contents of documents

Only facts seen by two witnesses

Only facts recorded in writing

54. Oral evidence must be:

Hearsay

Direct, relating to what the witness saw/heard/perceived or opinions they hold

Corroborated by documents

Given only by experts

55. Which is an exception permitting proof of expert opinions from treatises?

Only if both parties stipulate

If the author is dead, cannot be found, incapable, or cannot be called without unreasonable delay/expense

Only for medical texts

Only in civil trials

56. Under Article 71, the Court may require production of:

Any document mentioned

Any material thing (other than a document) referred to by oral evidence for inspection

The accused for questioning

Police case diary

57. Which special rule of substitutional testimony is recognized (except in Hudood)?

Dying declarations

Shahada ala al-shahadah where a witness appoints two to depose on his behalf if he is unavailable

Affidavits in every case

Anonymous depositions

58. Primary evidence means:

Certified copies

The document itself produced for inspection

Any photocopy

Oral account of contents

59. A printout/output of an automated information system is primary evidence if:

It is signed by a notary

The system was in working order at all material times (presumed absent contrary evidence)

The parties agree

It is in color

60. A reproduction of an electronic document (not covered by Explanation 3) is treated as primary evidence when:

Printed on official letterhead

A security procedure was applied when generated/sent/received/stored

Two witnesses attest it

It is emailed to court

61. Which is NOT secondary evidence under Article 74?

Certified copies

Copies made by accurate mechanical process

Oral account of a photograph of the original

Counterparts against non-executing parties

62. Secondary evidence may be given when the original:

Is with the opposite party who fails to produce after notice

Is easily movable and available

Is a private letter in one’s own possession

Is a negotiable instrument always requiring original

63. Notice to produce is generally required before giving secondary evidence under Article 76(a), unless:

The court room is crowded

The document itself is a notice, or adverse party must know, or fraud/force obtained it, or it’s in court, admitted lost, or holder is out of reach

The advocate is absent

The judge dispenses with all rules

64. To prove handwriting/signature of a person alleged to have signed/written a document, one must:

Call two attesting witnesses in all cases

Prove it to be in that person’s handwriting

Prove the document was registered

Show the person’s photograph

65. For disputed electronic signatures/documents generated via an information system, proof requires:

Merely a printout

Proving application of a security procedure to the signature or electronic document

Sworn statement of the IT manager

Hash value only

66. A document required by law to be attested cannot be used in evidence unless:

Registered only

Two attesting witnesses are called, if alive and subject to process and capable

One attesting witness is called in all cases

A notary certifies it in court

67. Which documents are public documents under Article 85?

Only court judgments

Acts/records of sovereign authority, official bodies/tribunals/public officers; public records of private documents; judicial records; documents required by law to be maintained by a public servant; undisputed registered documents; and certain electronic

Only registered sale deeds

Only foreign government records

68. Which presumption applies to judicial and official acts?

They are presumed irregular unless proved otherwise

They are presumed to have been regularly performed

They are presumed void unless registered

No presumption applies

69. What may be presumed about the “common course of business”?

It never applies in criminal cases

It is followed in particular cases

It must be proved by two witnesses

It only applies to postal services

70. If a party withholds evidence that could be produced, the Court may presume:

The evidence would be neutral

The evidence would be favourable to the withholder

The evidence would be unfavourable to the withholder

The evidence is inadmissible

71. If a person refuses to answer a question he is not legally compelled to answer, the Court may presume the answer would be:

Favourable to him

Unfavourable to him

Inadmissible hearsay

Irrelevant

72. When a document creating an obligation is found in the obligor’s possession, the Court may presume:

The obligation is forged

The obligation has been discharged

The obligation is void for uncertainty

The obligation is ongoing

73. Which situation weakens the presumption arising from recent possession of a stolen, marked coin?

The coin is unmarked

The possessor is a shopkeeper constantly receiving coins

The coin was found in a vault

The coin is foreign currency

74. Which factor supports reliability of multiple confessions by co-accused kept apart?

Prior concert is likely

Accounts corroborate each other, making prior concert highly improbable

Only one confession is recorded

All were questioned together

75. Which circumstance may rebut the presumption about a river’s course proven five years ago?

Dry season

Heavy floods since then that could change the course

Summer temperature

Local folklore

Page 4 of 4

76. Which postal situation weakens the presumption of delivery after posting?

The letter bears correct address

The addressee moved

Postal disturbances interrupted the usual course

The stamp was commemorative

77. Which rule governs the order of producing and examining witnesses?

Fixed only by Evidence law

As per civil/criminal procedure; otherwise, Court’s discretion

Always plaintiff first, then defendant

Alphabetical order

78. Who decides admissibility and may ask how a proposed fact would be relevant?

Jury

Judge

Registrar

Prosecutor

79. If a fact is admissible only after another fact is proved, the proponent must:

Prove both simultaneously

Prove the foundational fact first or undertake to prove it to the Court’s satisfaction

Drop the evidence

Seek appellate leave

80. Which illustrates conditional relevancy management by the Judge?

Always exclude the first fact

Always admit both facts

Permit proof of the first fact before the second, or require the second first, at discretion

Require an expert report only

81. Before proving a dying declaration under Article 46, the proponent must first prove:

Cause of death

That the declarant is dead

Time of death

The identity of the accused

82. To produce a copy as secondary evidence of a lost document, one must first prove:

The document was stamped

The copy is notarized

The original is lost

The author’s handwriting

83. What is the proper sequence of examinations?

Cross → re-exam → chief

Chief → cross → re-exam

Re-exam → chief → cross

Cross only

84. How broad may cross-examination be?

Only the matters covered in chief

Only documents

Any relevant facts, not confined to matters in chief

Only credibility questions

85. What is the scope of re-examination?

Any new topic without limit

Only to explain matters from cross; new matter needs leave, allowing further cross on that matter

Only credibility

Only documents

86. If a person is merely summoned to produce a document and produces it, then:

He becomes a witness automatically

He can be cross-examined

He is not a witness unless called as such and cannot be cross-examined until then

He must give oral evidence

87. What is a “leading question”?

A question about leading authorities

A question suggesting the desired answer

A question asked first in trial

A question posed by the Judge

88. When are leading questions barred (if objected)?

In cross-examination

In examination-in-chief and re-examination, unless the Court permits (e.g., introductory/undisputed matters)

Never

Only in criminal trials

89. When are leading questions freely allowed?

In cross-examination

In re-examination

Only with leave

Never

90. If a witness says a contract or disposition was contained in a document, the adverse party may:

Ignore it

Object until the document is produced, or foundational facts for secondary evidence are proved

Demand oral summary

Require notarization first

91. May a witness be cross-examined on prior written statements without showing the writing?

Yes, but to contradict, his attention must first be drawn to the specific parts

Only with Judge’s permission

Only if the document is certified

92. What extra lines of cross-examination are permitted under Article 141?

Only facts in chief

To test veracity, discover identity/position, or shake credit by injuring character—even if self-incriminating or exposing to penalty/forfeiture

Only documents

Only scientific matters

93. If a question relates to a relevant matter that may incriminate the witness, must he answer?

No, privilege applies

Yes, Article 15 immunity applies to compelled answers (except perjury)

Only in civil cases

Only if the Judge insists and no record is kept

94. For questions not relevant except as to credit, who decides compulsion and on what basis?

Jury, arbitrarily

Judge, considering factors like remoteness, seriousness, proportionality, and possible inference from refusal

Registrar, by practice notes

Counsel, by consent

95. When may such credit-attacking questions be asked?

At random

Only when there are reasonable grounds for the imputation

Only if the witness consents

Only after verdict

96. What may the Court do if a counsel asked such a question without reasonable grounds?

Fine the witness

Report the matter to the High Court or other authority over the advocate

Strike out the case

Exclude all evidence

97. What may the Court do with indecent or scandalous questions?

Must allow them if relevant

Forbid them unless they relate to facts-in-issue or are necessary to determine facts-in-issue

Allow them in criminal trials

Allow them if asked gently

98. In defamation/libel/slander cases, when can questions injuring the complainant’s character be permitted?

At the outset

Only after the Court records findings on publication and truth, except as necessary to determine truth

Never

Only on cross-examination of experts

99. How should the Court treat questions intended to insult or annoy?

Permit if relevant

Forbid them, or those needlessly offensive in form

Allow them with caution

Reserve for re-examination

100. If a witness answers a character-only credibility question, can other evidence be led to contradict him?

Yes, always

No; except to prove prior convictions or to contradict answers tending to impeach impartiality

Only by certified records

Only if both parties agree

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Rizwan HaiderLast Updated: September 20, 2025

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Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984 Test Online

Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984 MCQs With Answers

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