Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984 Test Online

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Question 1

1. Which of the following best defines when a fact is said to be "disproved"?

Answer

When the Court has no evidence of it

Answer

When the Court believes it does not exist or finds its non-existence highly probable

Answer

When it is neither proved nor disproved

Answer

When it is conclusively presumed by law

Question 2

2. Which of the following best defines a fact that is "not proved"?

Answer

It is proved beyond doubt

Answer

It is conclusively presumed

Answer

It is neither proved nor disproved

Answer

It is proved by one witness only

Question 3

3. When the law says the Court "may presume" a fact, what does it mean?

Answer

The Court must accept it as true in all circumstances

Answer

The Court may regard it as proved unless disproved, or call for proof

Answer

The Court may disregard it completely

Answer

The Court cannot call for evidence on it

Question 4

4. When the law directs that the Court "shall presume" a fact, what is required?

Answer

The Court has discretion to accept or reject the fact

Answer

The Court must regard it as proved unless disproved

Answer

The Court cannot call for further proof

Answer

The Court may reject the fact if it doubts it

Question 5

5. What is meant by "conclusive proof" under the law of evidence?

Answer

Proof that requires two witnesses

Answer

Proof that is subject to cross-examination

Answer

Proof that cannot be rebutted once established

Answer

Proof that can be disproved by oral evidence

Question 6

6. Who is competent to testify as a witness?

Answer

Only adults above 21 years of age

Answer

All persons, unless prevented by inability to understand or answer rationally

Answer

Only persons of sound mind and male gender

Answer

Only literate persons

Question 7

7. Which of the following persons is disqualified from testifying?

Answer

A person previously convicted for theft

Answer

A person previously convicted of perjury or giving false evidence

Answer

A person under 18 years of age

Answer

A person who is poor and illiterate

Question 8

8. What is the rule about lunatics as witnesses?

Answer

Lunatics are always incompetent

Answer

Lunatics are competent unless their lunacy prevents understanding and rational answers

Answer

Lunatics may testify only with medical permission

Answer

Lunatics may testify if another witness confirms their testimony

Question 9

9. Can a Judge or Magistrate be compelled to answer questions about his judicial conduct in Court?

Answer

Yes, in every case

Answer

No, except upon special order of a superior Court

Answer

Yes, but only in criminal cases

Answer

Yes, if the parties agree

Question 10

10. Which of the following communications is protected from disclosure during marriage?

Answer

Any communication made during marriage between spouses

Answer

Any communication before marriage

Answer

Communication after divorce

Answer

Communication made to a third party during marriage

Question 11

11. Who can grant permission for evidence from unpublished official records relating to affairs of State?

Answer

The Prime Minister

Answer

The head of the department concerned

Answer

Any public officer

Question 12

12. Which of the following is true about official communications by public officers?

Answer

They must always be disclosed in court

Answer

They cannot be disclosed if it harms public interest

Answer

They can only be disclosed in civil suits

Answer

They can only be disclosed after retirement

Question 13

13. Who cannot be compelled to disclose the source of information about offences?

Answer

Police officers and Magistrates regarding offences

Answer

Revenue officers regarding offences against public revenue

Answer

Both A and B

Answer

Only Judges

Question 14

14. Which of the following is NOT protected under advocate-client privilege?

Answer

Communication for legal advice

Answer

Communication made in furtherance of an illegal purpose

Answer

Documents seen in professional employment

Answer

Advice given to a client during employment

Question 15

15. Does advocate-client privilege continue after the employment ends?

Answer

No, it ends with employment

Answer

Yes, it continues even after the employment ceases

Answer

Only if the client renews it

Answer

Only in criminal cases

Question 16

16. Which of the following is an exception to advocate-client privilege?

Answer

Confidential advice on lawful contracts

Answer

Advice to a client in civil matters

Answer

Observing fraud committed after employment began

Answer

Communication during drafting of contracts

Question 17

17. To whom does the privilege under Article 9 also apply?

Answer

Only advocates

Answer

Advocates, interpreters, and clerks/servants of advocates

Answer

Only Judges

Answer

Only clients

Question 18

18. What happens if a party voluntarily gives evidence in a suit?

Answer

They waive all rights of privilege

Answer

They are deemed not to have consented to disclosure under Article 9 unless they question the advocate on privileged matters

Answer

They can no longer call an advocate

Answer

They lose their case

Question 19

19. Can a person be compelled to disclose confidential communications with a legal adviser?

Answer

Yes, always

Answer

No, unless they testify themselves, in which case disclosure may be compelled to explain their evidence

Answer

Only in criminal trials

Answer

Only in civil cases

Question 20

20. Is a non-party witness compelled to produce title deeds or mortgage documents?

Answer

Yes, always

Answer

No, unless they agreed in writing

Answer

Yes, if the Court orders

Question 21

21. If a witness fears self-incrimination, can they refuse to answer?

Answer

Yes, they may refuse

Answer

No, they must answer, but their answer cannot be used against them except for perjury

Answer

Yes, but only in civil cases

Answer

No, they must answer and it can be used against them

Question 22

22. Is an accomplice competent as a witness?

Answer

Yes, except in offences punishable with Hadd

Answer

Yes, but conviction cannot be based on accomplice testimony

Answer

Yes, only if corroborated

Question 23

23. How is the number and competence of witnesses determined?

Answer

By Court’s discretion only

Answer

By Civil Procedure Code

Answer

By injunctions of Islam in the Quran and Sunnah

Answer

By Evidence Ordinance alone

Question 24

24. In financial obligations reduced to writing, what attestation is required?

Answer

One man only

Answer

Two women only

Answer

Two men, or one man and two women

Answer

One man or one woman

Question 25

25. In all other matters (not Hudood or financial obligations), what testimony may the Court accept?

Answer

Only two men

Answer

One man or one woman or other evidence as warranted

Answer

Two women only

Answer

At least three witnesses

Question 26

26. Evidence may be given of which facts?

Answer

Only facts in issue

Answer

Facts in issue and relevant facts declared by law

Answer

Any facts, even irrelevant

Answer

Only written facts

Question 27

27. Facts so connected with a fact in issue as to form part of the same transaction are called:

Answer

Res judicata

Answer

Res gestae (facts forming part of same transaction)

Answer

Presumptive facts

Answer

Conclusive facts

Question 28

28. Which of the following is an example of facts that are the occasion, cause, or effect of facts in issue?

Answer

Marks of struggle near a murder site

Answer

A’s absconding after crime

Answer

Prior conviction of the accused

Answer

Previous marriage records

Question 29

29. Which facts are relevant under "motive, preparation and conduct"?

Answer

Motive and preparation for a fact in issue

Answer

Conduct of parties or victims before or after facts in issue

Answer

Statements explaining conduct

Answer

All of the above

Question 30

30. If a woman promptly makes a complaint after an alleged rape, is it relevant?

Answer

No, complaints are never relevant

Answer

Yes, complaint shortly after rape is relevant

Answer

Yes, but only if written

Answer

No, unless corroborated by witnesses

Question 31

31. Facts necessary to explain or introduce relevant facts are considered:

Answer

Irrelevant

Answer

Relevant, but only in criminal cases

Answer

Relevant to the extent necessary

Answer

Relevant only if both parties agree

Question 32

32. In conspiracy cases, which statements or acts are relevant?

Answer

Only those made in presence of all conspirators

Answer

Only those after the crime is committed

Answer

Anything said, done, or written by any conspirator in reference to the common design

Answer

Only those made in Court

Question 33

33. Which of the following illustrates relevancy in conspiracy?

Answer

Publishing writings advocating the object

Answer

Procuring arms abroad for conspiracy

Answer

Collecting money for conspiracy

Answer

All of the above

Question 34

34. Which statement about the judgment against B is correct when C is later prosecuted for bigamy?

Answer

It is conclusive proof against C

Answer

It is relevant but not admissible

Answer

It is irrelevant as against C

Answer

It binds C as res judicata

Question 35

35. A prosecutes B for theft of a cow and B is convicted. A then sues C who bought the cow from B before conviction. The judgment against B is:

Answer

Conclusive against C

Answer

Relevant against C

Answer

Irrelevant as between A and C

Answer

Admissible to shift burden to C

Question 36

36. C, B’s son, murders A after A obtained a decree for possession against B. The existence of the decree is:

Answer

Irrelevant hearsay

Answer

Relevant to show motive

Answer

Conclusive of guilt

Answer

Only relevant in civil court

Question 37

37. On a charge of theft with a count of previous conviction for theft, the prior conviction is:

Answer

Irrelevant character evidence

Answer

Relevant only after conviction

Answer

Relevant as a fact in issue

Answer

Inadmissible under any circumstances

Question 38

38. A is tried for murdering B; earlier B had prosecuted A for libel and A was convicted. That prior conviction is:

Answer

Irrelevant propensity

Answer

Relevant under motive/conduct rules

Answer

Conclusive of malice aforethought

Answer

Inadmissible due to prejudice

Question 39

39. What may a party show about a judgment relevant under Articles 54–56 that the opponent has proved?

Answer

Nothing; it is conclusive

Answer

Only clerical errors

Answer

That it was delivered by an incompetent court or obtained by fraud/collusion

Answer

Only that appeal is pending

Question 40

40. When are expert opinions admissible?

Answer

Only on domestic law

Answer

On foreign law, science, art, handwriting, finger impressions, and certain info-system/e-document issues

Answer

Only on scientific experiments, not law

Answer

Only if both parties consent

Question 41

41. Which is a proper subject for expert opinion?

Answer

Whether accused is lying

Answer

Whether symptoms are consistent with a certain poison

Answer

Whether a witness is credible

Answer

Whether A is morally guilty

Question 42

42. Facts otherwise irrelevant become relevant if they:

Answer

Support or contradict expert opinions when such opinions are relevant

Answer

Are popular beliefs

Answer

Are character rumors

Answer

Are media reports

Question 43

43. Opinion on authorship of a document by a person acquainted with the handwriting is:

Answer

Inadmissible lay opinion

Answer

Admissible and relevant

Answer

Admissible only if certified

Answer

Admissible only from family members

Question 44

44. Who is “acquainted with” handwriting for Article 61?

Answer

Only those who saw the person write

Answer

Those who saw writing, or corresponded with the person, or habitually handled such documents in business

Answer

Only handwriting experts

Answer

Only government officials

Question 45

45. Opinions of persons likely to know about a general custom or right are:

Answer

Irrelevant hearsay

Answer

Relevant to prove existence of such custom/right

Answer

Conclusive proof

Answer

Admissible only if in writing

Question 46

46. Opinions on usages/tenets of a group, governance of a foundation, or meanings of local terms are:

Answer

Irrelevant

Answer

Relevant if from persons with special means of knowledge

Answer

Relevant only with expert certificates

Answer

Admissible only via statutes

Question 47

47. Opinion on relationship expressed by conduct from someone with special knowledge is:

Answer

Always sufficient to prove marriage

Answer

Relevant but not sufficient to prove marriage under Divorce Act or PPC 494/495

Answer

Irrelevant in all criminal cases

Answer

Conclusive evidence of legitimacy

Question 48

48. When an opinion is relevant, its grounds are:

Answer

Irrelevant details

Answer

Relevant and may be proved

Answer

Privileged

Answer

Admissible only if recorded in court order

Question 49

49. In civil cases, character to prove conduct imputed is:

Answer

Generally irrelevant

Answer

Always relevant

Answer

Relevant only if alleged by plaintiff

Answer

Conclusive if bad

Question 50

50. In criminal proceedings, the accused’s previous good character is:

Answer

Irrelevant

Answer

Conclusive

Answer

Admissible only at sentencing

Question 51

51. The accused’s previous bad character is:

Answer

Always admissible

Answer

Irrelevant unless the accused has given evidence of good character

Answer

Conclusive of guilt

Answer

Admissible only via hearsay

Question 52

52. “Character” in Articles 66–69 means:

Answer

Only reputation

Answer

Only disposition

Answer

Reputation and disposition; generally only general reputation/disposition, not particular acts (except as in Art. 68)

Answer

Particular acts only

Question 53

53. Which facts may be proved by oral evidence?

Answer

All facts including document contents

Answer

All facts except contents of documents

Answer

Only facts seen by two witnesses

Answer

Only facts recorded in writing

Question 54

54. Oral evidence must be:

Answer

Direct, relating to what the witness saw/heard/perceived or opinions they hold

Answer

Corroborated by documents

Answer

Given only by experts

Question 55

55. Which is an exception permitting proof of expert opinions from treatises?

Answer

Only if both parties stipulate

Answer

If the author is dead, cannot be found, incapable, or cannot be called without unreasonable delay/expense

Answer

Only for medical texts

Answer

Only in civil trials

Question 56

56. Under Article 71, the Court may require production of:

Answer

Any document mentioned

Answer

Any material thing (other than a document) referred to by oral evidence for inspection

Answer

The accused for questioning

Answer

Police case diary

Question 57

57. Which special rule of substitutional testimony is recognized (except in Hudood)?

Answer

Dying declarations

Answer

Shahada ala al-shahadah where a witness appoints two to depose on his behalf if he is unavailable

Answer

Affidavits in every case

Answer

Anonymous depositions

Question 58

58. Primary evidence means:

Answer

Certified copies

Answer

The document itself produced for inspection

Answer

Any photocopy

Answer

Oral account of contents

Question 59

59. A printout/output of an automated information system is primary evidence if:

Answer

It is signed by a notary

Answer

The system was in working order at all material times (presumed absent contrary evidence)

Answer

The parties agree

Answer

It is in color

Question 60

60. A reproduction of an electronic document (not covered by Explanation 3) is treated as primary evidence when:

Answer

Printed on official letterhead

Answer

A security procedure was applied when generated/sent/received/stored

Answer

Two witnesses attest it

Answer

It is emailed to court

Question 61

61. Which is NOT secondary evidence under Article 74?

Answer

Certified copies

Answer

Copies made by accurate mechanical process

Answer

Oral account of a photograph of the original

Answer

Counterparts against non-executing parties

Question 62

62. Secondary evidence may be given when the original:

Answer

Is with the opposite party who fails to produce after notice

Answer

Is easily movable and available

Answer

Is a private letter in one’s own possession

Answer

Is a negotiable instrument always requiring original

Question 63

63. Notice to produce is generally required before giving secondary evidence under Article 76(a), unless:

Answer

The court room is crowded

Answer

The document itself is a notice, or adverse party must know, or fraud/force obtained it, or it’s in court, admitted lost, or holder is out of reach

Answer

The advocate is absent

Answer

The judge dispenses with all rules

Question 64

64. To prove handwriting/signature of a person alleged to have signed/written a document, one must:

Answer

Call two attesting witnesses in all cases

Answer

Prove it to be in that person’s handwriting

Answer

Prove the document was registered

Answer

Show the person’s photograph

Answer 252

Merely a printout

Answer 253

Proving application of a security procedure to the signature or electronic document

Answer 254

Sworn statement of the IT manager

Answer 255

Hash value only

Answer 256

Registered only

Answer 257

Two attesting witnesses are called, if alive and subject to process and capable

Answer 258

One attesting witness is called in all cases

Answer 259

A notary certifies it in court

Answer 260

Only court judgments

Answer 261

Acts/records of sovereign authority, official bodies/tribunals/public officers; public records of private documents; judicial records; documents required by law to be maintained by a public servant; undisputed registered documents; and certain electronic

Answer 262

Only registered sale deeds

Answer 263

Only foreign government records

Answer 264

They are presumed irregular unless proved otherwise

Answer 265

They are presumed to have been regularly performed

Answer 266

They are presumed void unless registered

Answer 267

No presumption applies

Answer 268

It never applies in criminal cases

Answer 269

It is followed in particular cases

Answer 270

It must be proved by two witnesses

Answer 271

It only applies to postal services

Answer 272

The evidence would be neutral

Answer 273

The evidence would be favourable to the withholder

Answer 274

The evidence would be unfavourable to the withholder

Answer 275

The evidence is inadmissible

Answer 276

Favourable to him

Answer 277

Unfavourable to him

Answer 278

Inadmissible hearsay

Answer 279

Irrelevant

Answer 280

The obligation is forged

Answer 281

The obligation has been discharged

Answer 282

The obligation is void for uncertainty

Answer 283

The obligation is ongoing

Answer 284

The coin is unmarked

Answer 285

The possessor is a shopkeeper constantly receiving coins

Answer 286

The coin was found in a vault

Answer 287

The coin is foreign currency

Answer 288

Prior concert is likely

Answer 289

Accounts corroborate each other, making prior concert highly improbable

Answer 290

Only one confession is recorded

Answer 291

All were questioned together

Answer 292

Dry season

Answer 293

Heavy floods since then that could change the course

Answer 294

Summer temperature

Answer 295

Local folklore

Answer 296

The letter bears correct address

Answer 297

The addressee moved

Answer 298

Postal disturbances interrupted the usual course

Answer 299

The stamp was commemorative

Answer 300

Fixed only by Evidence law

Answer 301

As per civil/criminal procedure; otherwise, Court’s discretion

Answer 302

Always plaintiff first, then defendant

Answer 303

Alphabetical order

Answer 304

Prosecutor

Answer 305

Prove both simultaneously

Answer 306

Prove the foundational fact first or undertake to prove it to the Court’s satisfaction

Answer 307

Drop the evidence

Answer 308

Seek appellate leave

Answer 309

Always exclude the first fact

Answer 310

Always admit both facts

Answer 311

Permit proof of the first fact before the second, or require the second first, at discretion

Answer 312

Require an expert report only

Answer 313

Cause of death

Answer 314

That the declarant is dead

Answer 315

Time of death

Answer 316

The identity of the accused

Answer 317

The document was stamped

Answer 318

The copy is notarized

Answer 319

The original is lost

Answer 320

The author’s handwriting

Answer 321

Cross → re-exam → chief

Answer 322

Chief → cross → re-exam

Answer 323

Re-exam → chief → cross

Answer 324

Cross only

Answer 325

Only the matters covered in chief

Answer 326

Only documents

Answer 327

Any relevant facts, not confined to matters in chief

Answer 328

Only credibility questions

Answer 329

Any new topic without limit

Answer 330

Only to explain matters from cross; new matter needs leave, allowing further cross on that matter

Answer 331

Only credibility

Answer 332

Only documents

Answer 333

He becomes a witness automatically

Answer 334

He can be cross-examined

Answer 335

He is not a witness unless called as such and cannot be cross-examined until then

Answer 336

He must give oral evidence

Answer 337

A question about leading authorities

Answer 338

A question suggesting the desired answer

Answer 339

A question asked first in trial

Answer 340

A question posed by the Judge

Answer 341

In cross-examination

Answer 342

In examination-in-chief and re-examination, unless the Court permits (e.g., introductory/undisputed matters)

Answer 343

Only in criminal trials

Answer 344

In cross-examination

Answer 345

In re-examination

Answer 346

Only with leave

Answer 347

Object until the document is produced, or foundational facts for secondary evidence are proved

Answer 348

Demand oral summary

Answer 349

Require notarization first

Answer 350

Yes, but to contradict, his attention must first be drawn to the specific parts

Answer 351

Only with Judge’s permission

Answer 352

Only if the document is certified

Answer 353

Only facts in chief

Answer 354

To test veracity, discover identity/position, or shake credit by injuring character—even if self-incriminating or exposing to penalty/forfeiture

Answer 355

Only documents

Answer 356

Only scientific matters

Answer 357

No, privilege applies

Answer 358

Yes, Article 15 immunity applies to compelled answers (except perjury)

Answer 359

Only in civil cases

Answer 360

Only if the Judge insists and no record is kept

Answer 361

Jury, arbitrarily

Answer 362

Judge, considering factors like remoteness, seriousness, proportionality, and possible inference from refusal

Answer 363

Registrar, by practice notes

Answer 364

Counsel, by consent

Answer 365

Only when there are reasonable grounds for the imputation

Answer 366

Only if the witness consents

Answer 367

Only after verdict

Answer 368

Fine the witness

Answer 369

Report the matter to the High Court or other authority over the advocate

Answer 370

Strike out the case

Answer 371

Exclude all evidence

Answer 372

Must allow them if relevant

Answer 373

Forbid them unless they relate to facts-in-issue or are necessary to determine facts-in-issue

Answer 374

Allow them in criminal trials

Answer 375

Allow them if asked gently

Answer 376

At the outset

Answer 377

Only after the Court records findings on publication and truth, except as necessary to determine truth

Answer 378

Only on cross-examination of experts

Answer 379

Permit if relevant

Answer 380

Forbid them, or those needlessly offensive in form

Answer 381

Allow them with caution

Answer 382

Reserve for re-examination

Answer 383

Yes, always

Answer 384

No; except to prove prior convictions or to contradict answers tending to impeach impartiality

Answer 385

Only by certified records

Answer 386

Only if both parties agree

Total Questions:	100
Time Allowed:	50 Minutes
Total Marks:	100
How to Attempt Test:	Please choose the right Option in MCQ-type question.
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